Taking an ethical position on standards

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Christine Henry
Keyword(s):  
Focaal ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Tore Holst

In Delhi, former street children guide tourists around the streets they once inhabited and show how the NGOs they live with try to resocialize current street children. The “personal stories” they perform implicitly advocate simple solutions that conveniently fit the limited engagement of the tourists, whose ethical position is thereby validated in relation to the NGO. But this uncomplicated exchange of guides’ emotions for tourists’ capital is in the guides’ interest, because it allows them to set boundaries for the emotional labor of performing their past suffering. The guides are thus incentivized to work within a post-humanitarian logic, selling their stories as commodities, which then incentivize the tourists to act as consumers, who have little choice but to frame their declarations of solidarity with the children as acts of consumption.


CounterText ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Corby

In this essay James Corby questions the dominant future-oriented nature of the ethical turn of theory and philosophy in the final decades of the twentieth century and its aesthetic influence. Focusing in particular upon the ethical position of Jacques Derrida, Corby argues that the desire to avoid the closure of the contemporary and to preserve the possibility of difference by cultivating a radical attentiveness to that which is ‘to come’ often risks a too complete disengagement from the present, leading to an empty and ineffectual ethical stance that actually preserves the contemporary situation that it seeks to open up. Corby makes a case for this theoretical investment in the possibility of a non-contemporary (typically futural) rupture as being understood as forming part of a far-reaching romantic tradition. In opposition to this tradition he sketches a post-romantic alternative that would understand difference as an immanent, rather than imminent, matter. He argues that this should be considered congruent with a countertextual impulse oriented not towards a revelatory futurity, but, rather, towards the possible displacements, dislocations, and transformations already inherent in the contemporary. The final part of the essay develops this idea, positioning countertextuality as the articulation of alternative contemporaries. In this regard, the literature of the future is not ‘to come’, it is already here. The challenge is to recognise it as such, and this means being prepared to modify and change the conceptual apparatus that guides us in our thinking of literature and the arts.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
Mateusz Kucz ◽  
Piotr Rosół

This paper presents a critical evaluation of ethical and philosophical concerns about the effective altruism as an ethical position. Effective altruists claim that one of our important ethical obligations is to do the most good possible, with the biggest possible positive impact. This impact should be measured with rational tools and by evaluating the effectiveness of our actions. At first glance, this might seem as a consensus building position, a good starting point for building a community of people wanting to change the world for the better. In our paper, we present some difficulties which are connected with such a way of thinking about charity and an ethical obligation to donate. We discuss the problem of the commercialization of ethical values, understanding effectiveness, agreeing about goals, as well as the political consequences of effective altruism understood as an ethical position.


Author(s):  
Oswald J. Schmitz

This chapter discusses the potential of industrial and urban ecology to entwine humans and nature to achieve sustainability in ways that are respectful and ethical to both. Thinking about humans and nature linked as socio-ecological systems means appreciating the growing, inextricable connectedness between global locations where technology is manufactured and used, and locations that physically provide the key elements. An ethical position of environmental stewardship would obligate one to first question whether it is right to protect nature in one location and force resource extraction to be done in other parts of the world. Industrial ecology is an emerging field that enhances society's ability to maintain the functionality of related ecosystems, and is also now toying with using principles of evolutionary biology and resilience. Like industrial ecology, urban ecology is based on systems thinking and include the valuation of ecosystem services, telecoupling of real and virtual resources, and environmental stewardship.


2020 ◽  
pp. 182-233
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Smith

The chapter describes how harmonic functional cycles flow strongly in the music of Richard Strauss, demonstrable in the opening scene of Elektra, the harmonies of which surge in an ever-tonicward direction. The chapter further re-examines the concept of hysteria, refuting its applicability to Strauss’s opera, opting for a more detailed Lacanian reading. Strauss’s harmonic progressions support the author’s psychodynamic reading, employing a dynamic in which one octatonic cycle controls a separate cycle. The chapter also examines this from an ethical position, following Lacan’s model of Aristotelean catharsis (in The Ethics of Psychoanalysis), and shows how these functional cycles come to a head in the final dance of death that, like Wagner’s Isolde, shuttles to and fro between the cycles as they are completely dismantled.


Author(s):  
Andrea Sangiacomo

In the Short Treatise, Spinoza upholds the epistemological claims advanced in the Treatise on the Emendation, but also provides further developments concerning his theory of error and his account of how passions and knowledge relate to each other. Section 2.2 introduces Spinoza’s account of the passions as inadequate ideas caused by other inadequate ideas. Section 2.3 explains how his rejection of the Cartesian distinction between intellect and will further supports this account. Section 2.4 presents his epistemic remedy for the passions, which consists in the emendation of the inadequate ideas that underpin them. Section 2.5 examines the correspondence between Spinoza and Willem van Blijenbergh and shows how, in this context, Spinoza is forced to confront some crucial worries that emerge from his early ethical position. Section 2.6 argues that Spinoza’s early ethics does not have the conceptual resources required to offer a fully satisfying solution to these worries.


2020 ◽  
pp. 146879412096536
Author(s):  
Karen Lillie ◽  
Pere Ayling

Current ethical codes inadequately speak to the complexities of researching elite groups. These groups contribute to broader inequalities and yet are protected from scrutiny by their own resources and, in the research context, ethical guidelines. For this reason, Gaztambide-Fernández (2015) called for those researching elite groups to adopt an ‘un/ethical’ position. This position circumvents conventional ethical codes to disrupt the power of research participants. In this paper, we put forward a considered assessment of this position. We reflect on and theorise our own experiences in the field from this ethical perspective, paying particular attention to our multifaceted insider/outsider statuses. We find that an un/ethical position offers short-term benefits but also does long-term damage to the elite studies scholar community. Thus, we counter-propose a way forward that dismantles power relations while avoiding the drawbacks of the un/ethical approach. Our proposal continues a necessary discussion around the ethics of elite studies research.


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