Pengetahuan dan Sikap Remaja Anak Jalanan tentang Dismenore Primer dan Senam Dismenore di Komunitas Peduli Anak Jalanan Medan

Primary dysmenorrhea is defined as cramping pain in the lower abdomen that occurs at the start of menstruation in the absence of identifiable pelvic disease. It is one of the most common gynecological symptoms among adolescents and adult women with a prevalence of 45%-95%. Overproduction of uterine prostaglandins is the most widely accepted explanation for the pathogenesis. Excessive release of prostaglandins, especially prostaglandin F2 alpha, which is derived from endometrial secretions from menstrual fluid, is believed to cause the condition. Primary dysmenorrhea has different degrees of negative impact on women's physical, psychological and social functioning, which can result in adolescent and adult women being out of school and absent from work. The purpose of this study was to identify the knowledge and attitudes of street children towards primary dysmenorrhea and dysmenorrhea exercise. The research design is descriptive. The sampling technique is total sampling. The number of samples is 45 people. The sample criteria for street children are teenage girls aged 10-18 years, unmarried, already menstruating, can read and write well. Data analysis is descriptive. The results of the study obtained that the majority of street children's knowledge of adolescents was good (53.3%), dysmenorrhea intensity was moderate pain with a score range of 4-7 (68.9%) and adolescent attitudes were negative (71.1%). Knowledge of respondents still needs to be improved to form a positive attitude. It is recommended to the head of KOPA to cooperate with health workers to conduct health education about primary dysmenorrhea on a regular basis to adolescent street children.

Assessing the Challenges and Coping Strategies Adopted by Street Children of School Going Age in the Tamale Metropolis: Policy Implications

Children form the foundation of every society. They are expected to be trained, supported and guided to become responsible to the society. In Ghana, the 1992 constitution (Article 28, clause 1), the children’s Act (Act 560) and the Child Rights Regulations 2002 (LI.1705) are among the measures put in place to promote the wellbeing of children in the country. However, there are significant numbers of children who are living in many city streets in Ghana including the Tamale metropolis. These street children are living the life that has the tendency to affect their physical and mental development. This paper examines the challenges street children in Tamale face and their coping strategies. It also explores various policy options to ensure their continuous education. The study used a case study design to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. Findings of the research show that street children encounter challenges related to accommodation, education, sexual abuse, health, security, and malnourishment and in some cases death. The paper also found that street children adopt variety of strategies including relying on self-medication, hawking and the formation of networks to cope with the various challenges they encounter on the street. However, the education of these children is a big challenge. It is in the light of this, that the paper calls on relevant key stakeholders to put in serious efforts towards tackling the education of street children and child streetism in the Tamale metropolis to ensure access and quality of education of these children.

The Popular Phenomenon Of Abandoned Street Children In Big Cities In Indonesia

Children as social beings who have the right to grow and develop and live freely and play according to their age without feeling uncomfortable. In big cities there are still many children who are forced to take to the streets and help their parents earn a living, regardless of their needs, healt, rights and risks. The purpose of this study is to find and explain the factors for the emergence of street children, the risks that can be obtained when children take to the streets, obstacles and efforts to handle the rise of street children. The method used in this research is the library research method which collects data or information through reviewing and exploring several printed and online references. The result is that the government had made efforts in handling and eradicating case of street children, Such as the construction of foster homes, community empowerment and other handling.

Substance use among street children in the city of Yaounde, Cameroon

Background Substance use is known to be more common among street children. Sometimes responsible for the runaway and repeated run-away behavior. To be able to reinsert these children, the reasons why there joined the streets, why they use substance and their pattern of substance use need to be understood. Methods We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional mix method study in February 2021 in the streets of Yaounde. We did a semi-structured interview of 159 street children using a sociodemographic questionnaire made of open questions and, the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test, version 3.0. The data were analyzed using R 4.1.0 for Windows. Results All street children were male. The most common reason for joining the streets was, questing for money, reported by one-quarter of the children. 60% of them used a substance, of which half used a substance because of peer pressure. The most commonly used substance was cannabis (36.48%), followed by Tobacco (35.85%). 14.47% were dependent on tobacco and 11.32% on cannabis. Conclusion Substance use and substance use disorders are highly common among street children of Yaounde. This needs to be addressed to facilitate their reinsertion as shown in other studies. The mechanisms that lead to the absences of girls in the streets should also be explored to see if they can be applied to boys.

“Revolution is the Equality of Children and Adults”: Yaşar Kemal Interviews Street Children, 1975

In 1975, the world-famous novelist Yaşar Kemal (1923–2015) undertook a series of journalistic interviews with street children in Istanbul. The series, entitled “Children Are Human” (Çocuklar İnsandır), reflects the author's rebellious attitude as well as the revolutionary spirit of hope in the 1970s in Turkey. Kemal's ethnographic fieldwork with street children criticized the demotion of children to a less-than-human status when present among adults. He approached children's rights from a human rights angle, stressing the humanity of children and that children's rights are human rights. The methodological contribution of this research to the history of children and youth is its engagement with ethnography as historical source. His research provided children the opportunity to express their political subjectivities and their understanding of the major political questions of the time, specifically those of social justice, (in)equality, poverty, and ethnic violence encountered in their everyday interactions with politics in the country. Yaşar Kemal's fieldwork notes and transcribed interviews also bring to light immense injustices within an intersectional framework of age, class, ethnicity, and gender. The author emphasizes that children's political agency and their political protest is deeply rooted in their subordination and misery, but also in their dreams and hopes. Situating Yaşar Kemal's “Children Are Human” in the context of the 1970s in Turkey, I hope to contribute to childhood studies with regard to the political agency of children as well as to the history of public intellectuals and newspapers in Turkey and to progressive representations of urban marginalization.

Influence of Parents, Peers and the Public on the Behavior of Street Children in Khartoum, Sudan

Children living on the streets are a common sight in Khartoum, the capital city of Sudan, and other parts of the country. These children have been exposed to many types of pressure which influence behavior outcomes. This study aims to investigate the street children’s socioeconomic profiles and examine the social-psychological influence of parents, peers and the public on the children’s behavior. A systematic sampling technique was used to select 12 markets in Khartoum state. 350 street children from the 12 markets volunteered for the face-to-face interview administered questionnaire. The study found that parents stressors and peers stressors significantly influence the children to perform maladaptive behavior. However, the public did not have any significant effect on children’s maladaptive behavior. The study suggests intervention programs should be applied to stop children from ending up on the streets by providing families with a basic income to guarantee children's welfare, security and sense of family life. To stop children from going back to the streets, a free education policy, fee waivers and free meals for poor children are recommended.

Konsep Diri Dan Kenakalan Remaja Pada Anak Jalanan

The phenomenon of street children is a problem that has become a worldwide concern because of the increasing number. This study aims to determine the relationship between self-concept and juvenile delinquency in street children. This research was conducted in the city of Salatiga with the number of respondents as many as 34 teenagers with a quantitative descriptive approach. The sampling technique used is the technique Accidental Sampling. The results found in this study are the relationship between self-concept and juvenile delinquency in street children with a value obtained of -0.572 with a sig of 0.000. With this, that juvenile delinquency in street children is not a stand-alone situation but is a combination of several conditions experienced by street children, if a street child does not get direction from their parents and education, then delinquency in street children is a unavoidable problem.

Exploring Thematic Progressions in Two Excerpts From Amma Darko’s Faceless

This study explores thematic progressions in two excerpts from Amma Darko’s Faceless. The study aims at looking into the different types of thematic progressions used in the selected excerpts to decode there-from the deep meanings linguistically encoded by the author. The study further aims at examining how the different thematic progressions used in the studied texts contribute to their cohesion and contextual coherence. The research appeals to the mixed quantitative and qualitative methodology. Via this method, the number of thematic progression patterns identified has been quantified per excerpt to pave the way to the interpretation of the findings that ensued. The study has arrived at impressive results. Among several others available in the interpretation of the findings subsection, Amma Darko has purposefully not used the Split-Rheme Pattern to avoid a complex writing style that would make her writing not accessible to her readership. The simple linear thematic progression and the overriding theme reiteration patterns extensively used in both texts have allowed the author to emphasize the key thematic points of the studied texts. Moreover, the theme reiteration development strategy used in both texts has provided them with clear focuses. Some of these include skin bleaching, tradition and marriage in Africa, street children, women’s life conditions in Ghana to name but a few. For deeper meanings decoding in the studied excerpts, further studies on discourse-semantics, contextual coherence, conjunctive and lexical relations, as well as experiential and interpersonal meanings could pick up from this article findings.