The herbicide glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA in the Lavaux vineyard area, western Switzerland: Proof of widespread export to surface waters. Part II: The role of infiltration and surface runoff

AbstractWetland biofilms were exposed to the herbicide glyphosate via in situ field exposures and controlled microcosm experiments to measure bioconcentration and metabolism of glyphosate by biofilm organisms. Glyphosate concentrations in biofilms were orders of magnitude higher than the surrounding water, bioconcentration factors averaged 835 and 199 in field- and lab-exposed biofilms, respectively. Glyphosate in water where it had been detected in biofilms at field-exposed sites ranged from below detection (<0.001 ppm) up to 0.13 ppm. Glyphosate bioconcentration in biofilms was inversely proportional to levels in the surrounding water, and the retention kinetics were similar to both adsorption and enzymatic models. Microorganisms present in both the water and biofilms metabolized glyphosate to its primary breakdown product aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA), with increased rates of breakdown in and around the biofilms. Photosynthetic efficiency of the algae within the biofilms was not affected by 24 h glyphosate controlled exposures. Our results demonstrate the role of biofilms in improving wetland water quality by removing contaminants like glyphosate, but also as a potential exposure route to higher trophic levels via consumption. Due to bioconcentration of pesticides, exposure risk to organisms consuming or living in biofilms may be much higher than indicated by concentrations in ambient water samples.

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Relative importance of the bacteria Brucella, Salmonella, Staphylococcus and other indicator bacteria in some mountain farm waters in West-Cameroon (Central Africa) and the potential role of some environmental factors

World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews ◽

10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.2.0396 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 081-084

Author(s):

Pierrette Ngo Bahebeck ◽

Mireille Ebiane Nougang ◽

Paul Alain Nana ◽

Claire Stéphane Metsopkeng ◽

Antoine Tamsa Arfao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Brucella Abortus ◽

Physicochemical Parameters ◽

Potential Role ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Central Africa ◽

Mountainous Regions ◽

Brucella Suis

A bacteriological and physicochemical study was conducted in the waters of farms in mountainous regions of Cameroon. The different water samples were collected during two campaigns in December 2018 and February 2019. Ten stations representing the drinking water supply points in our study area were identified. The results showed that these waters contained both pathogenic and commensal fecal bacteria. The highest abundances reached 10x103 CFU/100mL for Salmonella sp., 72x103 CFU/100mL for Staphylococcus aureus, 102x103 CFU/100mL for Brucella suis and 40x103 CFU/100mL for Brucella abortus. These abundances were subject to space-time fluctuations. Water contamination by tweezers was not general and was present only in surface waters (rivers and ponds). The water in the ponds, rivers and wells analyzed were all basic, with low mineralization on average. The dissolved oxygen ranged from 37.5 to 70.6%, nitrate from 3.7 to 19.8 mg/L and iron from 0.01 to 3.5 mg/L. Most of the physicochemical parameters were relatively stable during the two campaigns. The degree of correlation between the physicochemical parameters and the abundance dynamics of the isolated bacteria was heterogeneous. This was clearly more pronounced with Salmonella sp. and Brucella suis. This would be due to the fraction of metabolically active cells present when the bacteria are exposed to unfavorable conditions. Correlations with the abiotic factors were less marked with Staphylococcus aureus and Brucella abortus; this would be due to their tolerance to environmental stresses.

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Estimation of Impact From Surface Runoff on Water Objects in Urban Landscape Conditions

Man and Environment. Issues of Neoecology ◽

10.26565/1992-4224-2019-31-10 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Urban Environment ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Surface Runoff ◽

System Analysis ◽

Urban Landscape ◽

Salt Content ◽

Atmospheric Precipitation ◽

Quality Of Water ◽

The Impact

The quality of surface water remains an important issue today. This is particularly acute for water bodies located in the urban-basin geosystems. Purpose. To estimate pressure of atmospheric precipitation within the urban landscape basin geosystem on the river water (by example of the Kharkiv river). Methods. Field landscaping, ecological, landscape-geochemical; analytical; system analysis; chemical analytical; statistical Results. An assessment of the state of surface waters under the impact from the surface runoff of atmospheric origin during 2014-2016, and partly from 2017-2019, formed under the influence of the transport (partly residential) subsystem of the urban area and surface waters in Kharkiv. On the salt content, the characteristic of water quality is "moderately polluted" (1,6); on the tropho-saprobiological indicators, the quality of water is characterized as "polluted" (from 3.1 to 2.75 along the river). It is in this context the impact of waters, which is formed in the conditions of the urban environment for the quality of natural waters, is well demonstrated. The presence of high values of pollutants and natural factors. The assessment of the quality of water on the content of specific indicators is "moderately polluted" (from 2.28 to 1.85). Conclusions. The water of the Kharkiv region, which has a strong influence from the urban environment, has a grade III quality; the water is "moderately polluted". Environmental assessment indicates the impact of surface runoff already on the middle part of the river, which increases in accordance with the conditions of the operation of urban landscapes and anthropogenic (transport) load.

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Shrub vegetation shores strengthening and protection in Kalachevsky district of Volgograd area

FORESTRY BULLETIN ◽

10.18698/2542-1468-2021-3-65-72 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 65-72

Author(s):

A.S. Solomentseva ◽

Keyword(s):

Surface Runoff ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Forest Stands ◽

Effective Measure ◽

Rosa Canina ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Fine Grained Soil ◽

Subsurface Runoff ◽

Protective Forest

The critical abrasion situation manifests itself on the coastal part of the Kalachevsky district due to the increasing anthropogenic load. The most important element of the complex of measures to combat silting of reservoirs and coastal abrasion, as well as an effective measure to strengthen the banks is forest vegetation. The objectives of the research were to study the soil, forest and climatic conditions of the object under study, to develop an assortment of shrubs and features of the formation of protective forest stands, as well as criteria for selecting an adapted assortment of tree and shrub vegetation and methods of caring for the soil and plantings. During the research, the most promising types of shrubs for creating upper protective forest stands were identified: Ligustrum vilgare L., Berberis vulgaris L., Cotoneaster lucidus Schltdl., Amelanchier Medik., Ribes aureum Pursh., Rosa canina L. It was found that the useful role of forest stands is manifested in their ability to convert surface runoff into subsurface runoff, to clean surface stock water from fine-grained soil, to weaken the speed of movement and to extinguish the energy of waves, binding the soil with roots. Recommendations are given for the creation and placement of anti-abrasion plantings, depending on the steepness and height of the slope. It is stated that one of the main measures for the care of the aboveground part of the plantings is the pruning of the crown, carried out taking into account the biological characteristics of their growth and development, including the removal of dry and damaged branches, thinning of the crown, preservation of the previously given crown size, rejuvenation of the crown. It is recommended to place shrubs depending on the landscape, soil and climatic conditions and features of abrasive processes in areas of constant, periodic, episodic flooding and strong moderate and weak flooding of the coastline.

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Reversibility of acidification: soils and surface waters

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Section B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0269727000005340 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 97 ◽

pp. 169-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Richard F. Wright ◽

Michael Hauhs

Keyword(s):

Surface Waters ◽

Predictive Models ◽

Large Scale ◽

Acidic Deposition ◽

Nitrogen Saturation ◽

Future Climate Change ◽

Water Acidification ◽

Catchment Scale ◽

Empirical Relationships

SynopsisAs empirical relationships between acidic deposition and its effects on soils and surface waters have become increasingly understood, the focus of attention has shifted to the reversal of acidification in response to decreased amounts of acidic deposition.Recent decreases in acidic deposition, in both North America and parts of Europe, have initiated the reversal of acidification and the recovery of impacted ecosystems. Reversal has also been investigated in large-scale experiments with whole ecosystems. Predictive models can account for much of this empirical and experimental data, at least at the catchment scale, over periods of years.Discrepancies between observed and predicted effects are attributable in part to the increasingly important role of nitrogen in soil and water acidification. ‘Nitrogen saturation’ threatens to offset the incipient recovery following decreases in SO2 emissions. Future climate change might further exacerbate the problem by increasing the rate of mineralisation of soil organic matter and releasing stored nitrogen.

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Geochemical background - an environmental perspective

Mineralogia ◽

10.2478/v10002-011-0002-y ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 7-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Agnieszka Gałuszka ◽

Zdzisław Migaszewski

Keyword(s):

Surface Waters ◽

Pollution Prevention ◽

Quality Criteria ◽

Mineral Deposits ◽

New Mineral ◽

Geochemical Background ◽

Basic Tool ◽

Methods Of Evaluation ◽

Environmental Compartments

Geochemical background - an environmental perspectiveThis article presents the concept of geochemical background from an environmental perspective. The idea of establishing the typical concentrations of elements in various environmental compartments, proposed by exploratory geochemists almost 50 years ago was important for the detection of anomalous element concentrations, thus providing a basic tool in the search for new mineral deposits. At present, the knowledge of the geochemical background of hazardous elements is essential for: defining pollution, identifying the source of contamination, and for establishing reliable environmental quality criteria for soils, sediments and surface waters. The article presents geochemical methods of evaluation of anthropogenic influence on the environment and discusses the problem of defining and understanding the term "geochemical background" and related terms in environmental sciences. It also briefly presents methods of geochemical background evaluation based on the results of environmental sample analyses. It stresses the role of geochemical background in our understanding of environmental pollution and pollution prevention.

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