Social identifications in post‐soviet Russia: Empirical evidence and theoretical explanation

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Danilova ◽  
Vladimir Yadov
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Soviet Russia

Antidumping Investigations and the Pass-Through of Antidumping Duties and Exchange Rates: Reply

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 1283-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A Blonigen ◽  
Stephen E Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Antidumping Duties ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Exchange Rate Pass Through ◽  
The U.S

This reply responds to a comment that correctly identifies an invalid assumption in our original article that antidumping (AD) duties are subtracted from the U.S. price when calculating AD duties in administrative reviews. While this point invalidates our theoretical explanation and empirical evidence on the magnitude of AD duty pass-through, it does not affect our original article's theory or empirical evidence on the magnitude of exchange rate pass-through, or the presence of structural breaks in both the AD duty and exchange-rate pass-through coefficients stemming from AD investigations and orders.

THE CATEGORIES OF EVIDENCE RELATING TO THE HYPOTHESIS THAT MAMMALIAN SEX RATIOS AT BIRTH ARE CAUSALLY RELATED TO THE HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS OF BOTH PARENTS AROUND THE TIME OF CONCEPTION

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM H. JAMES
Keyword(s):  
Causal Inference ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Offspring Sex ◽  
Firm Basis ◽  
Soviet Russia

SummaryThis note categorizes the evidence for the hypothesis that mammalian offspring sex ratios (proportions male) are causally related to the hormone levels of both parents around the time of conception. Most of the evidence may be acknowledged to be correlational and observational. As such it might be suspected of having been selected; or of having been subject to other forms of bias or confounding; or, at any rate, of being inadequate as a firm basis for causal inference. However, there are other types of evidence that are not vulnerable to these types of criticism. These are from the following sources: (1) previously neglected data from Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia; (2) fulfilled predictions; (3) genetics; and (4) a network of logically (mathematically) related propositions, for some of which there is overwhelming empirical evidence. It is suggested that this variety of evidence confers greater overall credibility on the hypothesis than would be the case if all the evidence were of the same observational/correlational status. This observational/correlational evidence is tabulated to illustrate its consistency.

scholarly journals Competition and Innovation in Markets with Technology Leaders

Games ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Ku-Chu Tsao ◽  
Arijit Mukherjee ◽  
Achintya Ray
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Technology Leaders ◽  
Leaders And Followers ◽  
Product Substitutability ◽  
Stage Game ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intensity Of Competition ◽  
Number Of Firms

In this article, we consider technology leaders (which are innovators) and technology followers (which are non-innovators) to provide a new theoretical explanation for the well-cited empirical evidence of an inverted-U relationship between competition and aggregate innovation. We consider a two-stage game with a deterministic Research and Development (R&D) process, where the leaders first determine their R&D investments simultaneously and then all leaders and followers determine their outputs simultaneously. We show that the inverted-U relationship between competition and aggregate innovation occurs if competition is affected by the number of technology followers. However, the presence of more technology leaders decreases individual R&D investments while increasing aggregate R&D investments. If the total number of firms remains the same but the composition of technology leaders and followers changes in favor of leaders (followers), individual R&D investments decrease (increase) but aggregate R&D investments increase (decrease). The relationship between competition and R&D investments can be U-shaped if the intensity of competition is measured by product substitutability. Contrary to the standard expectation, the presence of more firms may reduce welfare.

scholarly journals Multiverse

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 109-111
Author(s):  
Sanjaya Baral ◽  
Dhurba Chhetri
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Arrow Of Time ◽  
Physical Constants ◽  
The Big Bang

Multiverse scenarios in cosmology assume that other universes exist "beyond" our own universe. They are an exciting challenge both for empirical and theoretical research as well as for philosophy of science. They could be necessary to understand why the big bang occurred, why (some of) the laws of nature and the values of certain physical constants are the way they are, and why there is an arrow of time. This essay clarifies competing notions of "universe" and "multiverse"; it proposes a classification of different multiverse types according to various aspects how the universes are or are not separated from each other; it reviews the main reasons for assuming the existence of other universes: empirical evidence, theoretical explanation, and philosophical arguments. The Himalayan Physics Vol. 5, No. 5, Nov. 2014 Page: 109-111

scholarly journals The Nexus of Monetary Policy and Shadow Banking in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (12) ◽  
pp. 3891-3936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiji Chen ◽  
Jue Ren ◽  
Tao Zha
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Bank Credit ◽  
Shadow Banking ◽  
Policy Rule ◽  
Institutional Facts ◽  
Monetary Policy Rule ◽  
Effectiveness Of Monetary Policy

We study how monetary policy in China influences banks’ shadow banking activities. We develop and estimate the endogenously switching monetary policy rule that is based on institutional facts and at the same time tractable in the spirit of Taylor (1993). This development, along with two newly constructed micro banking datasets, enables us to establish the following empirical evidence. Contractionary monetary policy during 2009–2015 caused shadow banking loans to rise rapidly, offsetting the expected decline of traditional bank loans and hampering the effectiveness of monetary policy on total bank credit. We advance a theoretical explanation of our empirical findings. (JEL E32, E52, G21, O16, O23, P24, P34)

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