scholarly journals Distinguishing Animacy Effects for Agents: A Case Study of Australian Languages

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Fauconnier ◽  
Jean-Christophe Verstraete
Keyword(s):  
2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1559) ◽  
pp. 3845-3854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Bowern

This paper presents an overview of the current state of historical linguistics in Australian languages. Australian languages have been important in theoretical debates about the nature of language change and the possibilities for reconstruction and classification in areas of intensive diffusion. Here are summarized the most important outstanding questions for Australian linguistic prehistory; I also present a case study of the Karnic subgroup of Pama–Nyungan, which illustrates the problems for classification in Australian languages and potential approaches using phylogenetic methods.


Diachronica ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Heath

SUMMARY Richly inflected languages often have morphologies in which one or two key relational morphemes serve as the glue which binds other, more substantive morphemes together. When an important relational morpheme suffers phonetic erosion, it may be replaced rather abruptly by a successor morpheme which obtains a foothold in the relevant paradigm and then spreads rapidly, replacing the old morpheme throughout the system. We will refer to this as the 'lost-wax' (cire perdue) method of formal renewal, on the analogy of an ancient method for casting bronze artefacts. The point is illustrated by a close case study of two morphemes, Inverse and Potential, connected with the pronominal agreement system of a set of closely related Australian languages. The mechanics are somewhat different in the two cases, but both can be described as variations on the lost-wax method. RÉSUMÉ Dans les langues à inflexion riche, il se trouve souvent que la morphologie possède un ou deux morphèmes relationnels qui servent à lier d'autres morphèmes à plus grande substance sémantique. Quant un tel morphème relationnel risque de disparaître à cause d'érosion phonétique, il peut se faire remplacer d'un coup par un autre morphème qui gagne une entrée dans le paradigme et puis s'étend rapidement jusqu'à occuper la même position relationnelle de l'ancien morphème. Nous proposons la métaphore de 'cire perdue' pour décrire cette méthode de renouvellement formel, par analogie avec une méthode classique de mouler les figures en bronze. Dans ce contexte nous étudions l'histoire de deux morphèmes, inverse et potentiel, dans le système de désinences personnelles d'un groupe de langues australiennes. Chaque cas présente une mécanique originelle, mais tout les deux rentrent dans le cadre général de la méthode 'cire perdue'. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Sprachen mit reicher Inflexion haben oft eine Morphologie, in der ein oder zwei zusammenhängende Morpheme andere wesentlichere Morpheme zusam-menbinden. Wenn ein solches Morphem phonetisch zerfällt, kann es ein anderes Morphem plötzlich ersetzen und eine Stelle im Paradigma finden, von dem es sich im System schnell ausbreiten kann, indem es das alte Morphem im ganzen System ersetzt. Wir nennen hier diesen Vorgang 'verlorene Wachs'-Methode der formellen Erneuerung, als Analogie zur althergebrachten Methode der Gußform von Bronzekunstgegenständen. Wir illustrieren den Vorgang anhand einer Fallstudie von zwei Morphemen im pronominalen System der grammatischen Ubereinstimmung in einigen eng verwandten Sprachen Australiens.


2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.


2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lifshitz ◽  
T. M. Luhrmann

Abstract Culture shapes our basic sensory experience of the world. This is particularly striking in the study of religion and psychosis, where we and others have shown that cultural context determines both the structure and content of hallucination-like events. The cultural shaping of hallucinations may provide a rich case-study for linking cultural learning with emerging prediction-based models of perception.


2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Povinelli ◽  
Gabrielle C. Glorioso ◽  
Shannon L. Kuznar ◽  
Mateja Pavlic

Abstract Hoerl and McCormack demonstrate that although animals possess a sophisticated temporal updating system, there is no evidence that they also possess a temporal reasoning system. This important case study is directly related to the broader claim that although animals are manifestly capable of first-order (perceptually-based) relational reasoning, they lack the capacity for higher-order, role-based relational reasoning. We argue this distinction applies to all domains of cognition.


2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Van Bergen ◽  
John Sutton

Abstract Sociocultural developmental psychology can drive new directions in gadgetry science. We use autobiographical memory, a compound capacity incorporating episodic memory, as a case study. Autobiographical memory emerges late in development, supported by interactions with parents. Intervention research highlights the causal influence of these interactions, whereas cross-cultural research demonstrates culturally determined diversity. Different patterns of inheritance are discussed.


Author(s):  
D. L. Callahan

Modern polishing, precision machining and microindentation techniques allow the processing and mechanical characterization of ceramics at nanometric scales and within entirely plastic deformation regimes. The mechanical response of most ceramics to such highly constrained contact is not predictable from macroscopic properties and the microstructural deformation patterns have proven difficult to characterize by the application of any individual technique. In this study, TEM techniques of contrast analysis and CBED are combined with stereographic analysis to construct a three-dimensional microstructure deformation map of the surface of a perfectly plastic microindentation on macroscopically brittle aluminum nitride.The bright field image in Figure 1 shows a lg Vickers microindentation contained within a single AlN grain far from any boundaries. High densities of dislocations are evident, particularly near facet edges but are not individually resolvable. The prominent bend contours also indicate the severity of plastic deformation. Figure 2 is a selected area diffraction pattern covering the entire indentation area.


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