A Title IX and Emotional Distress Analysis for High School Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 62-63
Author(s):  
William R. Holt ◽  
Mike Stocz
Author(s):  
Brian L. Porto

Youth and high school sports are subject to regulation by private and public entities, resulting in numerous legal issues. Generally, private organizations regulate youth sports, and the rules primarily address the conduct of coaches and parents. Still, some states have extended to youth leagues statutory concussion protocols originally created for middle and high school sports. Governmental regulation is more prominent in high school sports, including state concussion laws and laws against hazing. Three federal laws are particularly important: Title IX, regarding the inclusion of female and, potentially, transgender athletes, and the Rehabilitation Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act, concerning athletes with disabilities. This chapter addresses an unresolved issue on each of those subjects before discussing high school athletes’ free-speech rights under the federal Constitution.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 137 (Supplement 3) ◽  
pp. 561A-561A
Author(s):  
Alex L. Gornitzky ◽  
Ariana Lott ◽  
Joseph L. Yellin ◽  
Peter D. Fabricant ◽  
Theodore J. Ganley

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. A255-A256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Y. Kerr ◽  
C. L. Collins ◽  
D. Comstock

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward T. Mannix ◽  
Melanie A. Roberts ◽  
Heather J. Dukes ◽  
Carolyn J. Magnes ◽  
Mark O. Farber

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen W. Freeman ◽  
Karl Rickels ◽  
Emily B. H. Mudd ◽  
George R. Huggins ◽  
Celso-Ramon Garcia

SynopsisEmotional distress as assessed by the self-report Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL) was examined in a sample of 607 urban black high school students aged 15–18. These adolescents reported high distress primarily about feelings of disadvantage, volatile anger, interpersonal sensitivity and loneliness. Females were significantly more likely than males to indicate emotional distress, although several of the leading distress items were endorsed equally by both groups. Male and female scores across the HSCL factors differed in degree rather than form. The great majority of these adolescents didnotreport significant emotional distress. These data provide a base from a non-clinical sample for comparison with other adolescent groups where emotional distress may play a role.


2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus A. Badgeley ◽  
Natalie M. McIlvain ◽  
Ellen E. Yard ◽  
Sarah K. Fields ◽  
R. Dawn Comstock

Background:With more than 1.1 million high school athletes playing annually during the 2005−06 to 2009−10 academic years, football is the most popular boys’ sport in the United States.Methods:Using an internet-based data collection tool, RIO, certified athletic trainers (ATs) from 100 nationally representative US high schools reported athletic exposure and football injury data during the 2005−06 to 2009−10 academic years.Results:Participating ATs reported 10,100 football injuries corresponding to an estimated 2,739,187 football-related injuries nationally. The injury rate was 4.08 per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) overall. Offensive lineman collectively (center, offensive guard, offensive tackle) sustained 18.3% of all injuries. Running backs (16.3%) sustained more injuries than any other position followed by linebackers (14.9%) and wide receivers (11.9%). The leading mechanism of injury was player-player contact (64.0%) followed by player-surface contact (13.4%). More specifically, injury occurred most commonly when players were being tackled (24.4%) and tackling (21.8%).Conclusions:Patterns of football injuries vary by position. Identifying such differences is important to drive development of evidence-based, targeted injury prevention efforts.


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