The wild gene pool of globe artichoke

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Rottenberg
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Globe Artichoke ◽  
Cynara Cardunculus ◽  
Primary Gene Pool ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Primary Gene ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Globe artichoke is an important vegetable of the Mediterranean basin. Its primary gene pool (GP1) consists of wild types ofCynara cardunculus. Crosses between the wild types and the cultivars (artichoke and cardoon) are fully fertile. In accordance, analyses of molecular markers revealed high genetic identity between the wild types and the cultivars. Hence, all these taxa are grouped together as conspecific varieties withinC.cardunculus. Several other wildCynaraspecies thrive in the Mediterranean basin. Of these,C. syriaca,C. algarbiensis,C. baeticaandC. humiliswere tested and found to be part of the secondary gene pool (GP2) of artichoke, as they were rather difficult to cross with either wild or cultivatedC. cardunculusand the few hybrids obtained were semi-sterile. In accordance, molecular genetic markers suggest that these wildCynaraspecies indeed diverged fromC. cardunculus. Four additionalCynaraspecies thrive in the Mediterranean basin, namelyC. cornigera,C. cyrenaica,C. tournefortiiandC. makrisii. There is no information on the crossability of these four species with artichoke, but molecular markers suggest that they may also belong to the secondary gene pool of the crop. Considering some attractive, variable characteristics of each of the GP2 species, such as earliness, albinism, dwarfism and diverse flavors, these wild species might be of great interest for artichoke breeders.

scholarly journals Mikromani's Artichoke (Cynara Cardunculus Var. Scolymus) - A Mediterranean Nutraceutical

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-18
Author(s):  
Georgios Zakynthinos ◽  
Theodoros Varzakas
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Globe Artichoke ◽  
Cynara Cardunculus ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Edible Parts ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Globe artichoke is considered one of the most important vegetable crops in the European and no-European countries of the Mediterranean basin. The Mediterranean region is well known for the 'Mediterranean diet', with attributed health benefits based on the consumption of fruits and vegetables, olive oil, etc. The artichoke has been recognized for the treatment of several ailments and their edible parts reveal therapeutic activity. In our case we have investigated the Micromani’s artichoke, which is a local variety of the Micromani area in the South region of Peloponnese. In the present work nutritional determination of vitamins such as “vitamin C “and folic acid, minerals, fibers and total phenolics was carried out.

Piracy and Law in the Ottoman Mediterranean

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. White
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
Legal Space ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
First Time ◽  
Eastern Half ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

This book offers a comprehensive examination of the shape and impact of piracy in the eastern half of the Mediterranean and the Ottoman Empire’s administrative, legal, and diplomatic response. In the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, piracy had a tremendous effect on the formation of international law, the conduct of diplomacy, the articulation of Ottoman imperial and Islamic law, and their application in Ottoman courts. Piracy and Law draws on research in archives and libraries in Istanbul, Venice, Crete, London, and Paris to bring the Ottoman state and Ottoman victims into the story for the first time. It explains why piracy exploded after the 1570s and why the Ottoman state was largely unable to marshal an effective military solution even as it responded dynamically in the spheres of law and diplomacy. By focusing on the Ottoman victims, jurists, and officials who had to contend most with the consequences of piracy, Piracy and Law reveals a broader range of piratical practitioners than the Muslim and Catholic corsairs who have typically been the focus of study and considers their consequences for the Ottoman state and those who traveled through Ottoman waters. This book argues that what made the eastern half of the Mediterranean basin the Ottoman Mediterranean, more than sovereignty or naval supremacy—which was ephemeral—was that it was a legal space. The challenge of piracy helped to define its contours.

Unfinished and Less Authored Texts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. C. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Jewish Writers

The concept of textual unfinishedness played a role in a wide variety of cultures and contexts across the Mediterranean basin in antiquity and late antiquity. Chapter 2 documents examples of Greek, Roman, and Jewish writers reflecting explicitly in their own words about unfinished texts. Many writers claimed to have written unfinished texts on purpose for specific cultural reasons, while others claimed to have written texts that slipped out of their hands somehow with their permission.

The Alphabet and its Legacy

2019 ◽  
pp. 240-255
Author(s):  
Madadh Richey
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Writing Systems ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Generative Power ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Alphabetic Writing ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

The alphabet employed by the Phoenicians was the inheritor of a long tradition of alphabetic writing and was itself adapted for use throughout the Mediterranean basin by numerous populations speaking many languages. The present contribution traces the origins of the alphabet in Sinai and the Levant before discussing different alphabetic standardizations in Ugarit and Phoenician Tyre. The complex adaptation of the latter for representation of the Greek language is described in detail, then some brief attention is given to likely—Etruscan and other Italic alphabets—and possible (Iberian and Berber) descendants of the Phoenician alphabet. Finally, it is stressed that current research does not view the Phoenician and other alphabets as inherently simpler, more easily learned, or more democratic than other writing systems. The Phoenician alphabet remains, nevertheless, an impressive technological development worthy, especially by virtue of its generative power, of detailed study ranging from paleographic and orthographic specifications to social and political contextualization.

scholarly journals Edible Insects and Global Food Security

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 472
Author(s):  
Fabio Verneau ◽  
Mario Amato ◽  
Francesco La La Barbera
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Central America ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Edible Insects ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Global Food ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Starting in 2008 and lasting up until 2011, the crisis in agricultural and, in particular, cereal prices triggered a period of riots that spread from the Mediterranean basin to the rest of the world, reaching from Asia to Central America and the African continent. [...]

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