The Impact of International Pricing Index Models on Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Drug Costs in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Stephanie Choi ◽  
Evan M. Chen ◽  
Dinah Chen ◽  
Jayanth Sridhar ◽  
Ravi Parikh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drug Costs ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
International Pricing ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The recent advances in Vascular endothelial growth factor and metabolic syndrome in prostate cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Ya-nan Zhou ◽  
Jin-qi Song ◽  
Gang-liang Tu ◽  
Hui Xu ◽  
Meng Ding
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle

Prostate cancer is one of the most common male malignant tumors in Western countries. In the United States, there are about 170,000 new cases of prostate cancer in 2019, ranking second only to lung cancer.1, 2 In recent years, the incidence of prostate cancer in China is gradually increasing occupying the third place among male urogenital malignancies. The metastasis of prostate cancer mainly depends on blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, and the late discovery and poor prognosis of patients are the main reasons for the high fatality rate.2 Relevant epidemiological studies on immigration have found that the incidence of PCa in The Asian population in the United States is as high as 77.8 / l0000, which is similar to local residents and significantly higher than that in the native population in Asia. This suggests that, in addition to race and family history, different diet and lifestyle in China and the West may play an important role in the development and progression of PCa.3 Epidemiological studies have shown an association between geographic location and prostate cancer risk. In fact, the incidence of prostate cancer in Western men is 15 times higher than in Asian men. This suggests that environmental factors or lifestyle, especially diet and nutrition, may play a key role in the occurrence and development of prostate cancer.4 To some extent, metabolic syndrome reflects the diet and lifestyle of patients and is closely related to the occurrence and development of prostate cancer. In addition, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as a kind of multi functional cytokine works through specific role in endothelial cells.It can promote endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and increase Vascular permeability. And VEGF can be induced in the body for blood vessel growth, angiogenesis, is closely related to tumorigenesis and metastasis. Numerous recent studies have shown that VEGF is closely related to the occurrence and development of prostate cancer and metabolic syndrome.5 In this paper, multiple physiological and pathological mechanisms of VEGF and metabolic syndrome associated with prostate cancer are reviewed. 

scholarly journals Prognostic significance of cellular vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the course of chronic myeloid leukaemia

2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 379-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Vidovic ◽  
Gradimir Jankovic ◽  
Dragica Tomin ◽  
Maja Perunicic-Jovanovic ◽  
Irena Djunic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vegf Expression ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Increased angiogenesis in bone marrow is one of the characteristics of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), a clonal myeloproliferative disorder that expresses a chimeric bcr/abl protein. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most potent and a specific regulator of angiogenesis which principally targets endothelial cells and regulates several of their functions, including mitogenesis, permeability and migration. The impact of elevated VEGF expression on the course of chronic myeloid leukaemia is unknown. Objective. The aim of this study was the follow-up of VEGF expression during the course of CML. Methods. We studied VEGF expression of 85 CML patients (median age 50 years, range 16-75 years). At the commencement of the study, 29 patients were in chronic phase (CP), 25 in an accelerated phase (AP), and 31 in the blast crisis (BC). The temporal expression (percentage positivity per 1000 analysed cells) VEGF proteins over the course of CML were studied using the immunohistochemical technique utilizing relevant monoclonal antibodies. It was correlated with the laboratory (Hb, WBC and platelet counts, and the percentage of blasts) and clinical parameters (organomegaly, duration of CP, AP, and BC) of disease progression. Results. The expression of VEGF protein was most pronounced in AP (ANOVA, p=0.033). The level of VEGF expression correlated inversely with the degree of splenomegaly (Pearson, r=-0.400, p=0.011). High expression of VEGF correlated with a shorter overall survival (log rank, p=0.042). Conclusion. Immunohistochemically confirmed significance of the expression of VEGF in dependence of the CML stage could be of clinical importance in deciding on the timing therapy. These data suggest that VEGF plays a role in the biology of CML and that VEGF inhibitors should be investigated in CML.

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