The effect of bacterial films on the temporary adhesion and permanent fixation of cypris larvae,balanus amphitritedarwin

Biofouling ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
J S Maki ◽  
A B Yule ◽  
D Rittschof ◽  
R Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Films ◽  
Permanent Fixation

Adaptive radiation of the comatulid crinoids

Paleobiology ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Meyer ◽  
Donald B. Macurda
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Late Mesozoic ◽  
Behavioral Adaptations ◽  
Bony Fishes ◽  
Survival Capacity ◽  
Stalked Crinoids ◽  
Permanent Fixation

Modern crinoids are dominated by the comatulids (unstalked forms) which range from the intertidal to abyssal depths. Modern stalked crinoids are restricted to depths greater than about 100 m. In the geologic past some stalked crinoids lived at depths of a few tens of meters or less in reef and bank environments. The primary vehicles postulated for the post-Triassic radiation of comatulids are lack of permanent fixation to the substratum and the capacity for mobility. Development of complex muscular articulations has enabled crawling or swimming which serve in habitat selection and avoidance of stress and predators. These and other adaptations may have bestowed on comatulids a higher survival capacity in shallow-water environments compared to stalked crinoids. Modern stalked crinoids lack mobility and complex behavioral adaptations seen in comatulids. Possibly, stalked crinoids in shallow water were unable to cope with the radiation of abundant, predaceous bony fishes in the late Mesozoic and became restricted to greater depths while the more adaptable comatulids gained ascendancy in shallow water.

Ellipsometric Measurement of Bacterial Films at Metal-Electrolyte Interfaces

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 3690-3697 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Busalmen ◽  
S. R. de Sánchez ◽  
D. J. Schiffrin
Keyword(s):  
Film Growth ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Ellipsometric Measurement ◽  
Effective Medium Model ◽  
Bacterial Films ◽  
Bacterial Film

ABSTRACT Ellipsometric measurements were used to monitor the formation of a bacterial cell film on polarized metal surfaces (Al-brass and Ti). Under cathodic polarization bacterial attachment was measured from changes in the ellipsometric angles. These were fitted to an effective medium model for a nonabsorbing bacterial film with an effective refractive index (nf ) of 1.38 and a thickness (df ) of 160 ± 10 nm. From the optical measurements a surface coverage of 17% was estimated, in agreement with direct microscopic observations. The influence of bacteria on the formation of oxide films was monitored by ellipsometry following the film growth in situ. A strong inhibition of metal oxide film formation was observed, which was assigned to the decrease in oxygen concentration due to the presence of bacteria. It is shown that the irreversible adhesion of bacteria to the surface can be monitored ellipsometrically. Electrophoretic mobility is proposed as one of the factors determining bacterial attachment. The high sensitivity of ellipsometry and its usefulness for the determination of growth of interfacial bacterial films is demonstrated.

Corrigendum to “Reductive electrografting of in situ produced diazopyridinium cations: Tailoring the interface between carbon electrodes and electroactive bacterial films” [Bioelectrochem. 120 (2018) 157–165]

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassiba Smida ◽  
Estelle Lebègue ◽  
Meritxell Cortes ◽  
Jean-François Bergamini ◽  
Frédéric Barrière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Bacterial Films

Stress Relaxation of Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D.Don) Wood in Radial Compression under High Temperature Steam

Holzforschung ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 541-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Dwianto ◽  
T. Morooka ◽  
M. Norimoto ◽  
T. Kitajima
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Chain Scission ◽  
Strain Recovery ◽  
Crystalline Lattice ◽  
Compressive Deformation ◽  
Radial Compression ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Permanent Fixation

Summary To clarify the mechanism of the permanent fixation of compressive deformation of wood by high temperature steaming, stress relaxation and stress-strain relationships in the radial compression for Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D.Don) wood were measured under steam at temperatures up to 200°C. The stress relaxation curves above 100°C were quite different in shape from those below 100°C, showing a rapid decrease in stress with increasing temperature. In the stress-strain relationships measured above 140°C, the stress reduced as pre-steaming time increased when compared at the same strain. The recovery of compressive deformation (strain recovery) was decreased with steaming time and reached almost 0 in 10 min at 200°C. The relationship between the residual stress and the strain recovery at the end of relaxation measurements could be expressed by a single curve regardless of time and temperature. The permanent fixation of deformation by steaming below 200°C was considered to be due to chain scission of hemicelluloses accompanying a slight cleavage of lignin. In some cases, the increase in regularity of the crystalline lattice space of microfibrils or the formation of crosslinks between the cell wall polymers seemed to play an important role in the permanent fixation of compressive deformation.

scholarly journals Factors Controlling Attachment of Bryozoan Larvae: A Comparison of Bacterial Films and Unfilmed Surfaces

1989 ◽  
Vol 177 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. MAKI ◽  
D. RITTSCHOF ◽  
A. R. SCHMIDT ◽  
A. G. SNYDER ◽  
R. MITCHELL
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Films

scholarly journals Isolation of Tellurite- and Selenite-Resistant Bacteria from Hydrothermal Vents of the Juan de Fuca Ridge in the Pacific Ocean

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 4613-4622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Rathgeber ◽  
Natalia Yurkova ◽  
Erko Stackebrandt ◽  
J. Thomas Beatty ◽  
Vladimir Yurkov
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Juan De Fuca Ridge ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Ocean Water ◽  
Bacterial Films ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Juan De Fuca ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

ABSTRACT Deep-ocean hydrothermal-vent environments are rich in heavy metals and metalloids and present excellent sites for the isolation of metal-resistant microorganisms. Both metalloid-oxide-resistant and metalloid-oxide-reducing bacteria were found. Tellurite- and selenite-reducing strains were isolated in high numbers from ocean water near hydrothermal vents, bacterial films, and sulfide-rich rocks. Growth of these isolates in media containing K2TeO3 or Na2SeO3 resulted in the accumulation of metallic tellurium or selenium. The MIC of K2TeO3 ranged from 1,500 to greater than 2,500 μg/ml, and the MIC of Na2SeO3 ranged from 6,000 to greater than 7,000 μg/ml for 10 strains. Phylogenetic analysis of 4 of these 10 strains revealed that they form a branch closely related to members of the genus Pseudoalteromonas, within the γ-3 subclass of the Proteobacteria. All 10 strains were found to be salt tolerant, pH tolerant, and thermotolerant. The metalloid resistance and morphological, physiological, and phylogenetic characteristics of newly isolated strains are described.

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