Accountancy and empire. The British legacy of professional organization

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-415
Author(s):  
Robert H. Parker
2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-299
Author(s):  
Julie G. Arenberg ◽  
Ray H. Hull ◽  
Lisa Hunter

Purpose From the Audiology Education Summit held in 2017, several working groups were formed to explore ideas about improving the quality and consistency in graduate education in audiology and externship training. The results are described here from one of the working groups formed to examine postgraduate specialization fellowships. Method Over the course of a year, the committee designed and implemented two surveys: one directed toward faculty and one toward students. The rationale for the survey and the results are presented. Comparisons between faculty and student responses are made for similar questions. Results Overall, the results demonstrate that the majority of both students and faculty believe that postgraduation specialization fellowships are needed for either 1 year or a flexible length. There was a consensus of opinion that the fellowship should be paid, as these would be designed for licensed audiologists. Most believed that the fellowships should be “governed by a professional organization (e.g., American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, American Academy of Audiology, American Doctors of Audiology, etc.),” or less so, a “separate body for this specific purpose.” Potential topics for specialization identified were the following: tinnitus, vestibular, cochlear implants, pediatrics, and intraoperative monitoring. The highest priority attributes for a specialization site were “abundant access to patient populations,” “staff of clinical experts,” and “active research.” The weight put toward these attributes differed between faculty and students with faculty prioritizing “university/academic centers,” and “access to academic coursework in the fellowship area.” The faculty rated “caseload diversity,” “minimum hours,” “research,” and “academic affiliation” as requirements for a fellowship site, with less weight for “coursework” and “other.” Finally, the students valued “improved personal ability to provide exceptional patient care,” “the potential for increased job opportunities,” and the “potential for a higher salary” as benefits most important to them, with lower ratings for “recognition as a subject matter expert” or “potential pathway to Ph.D. program.” Conclusions As a result of the survey, further exploration of a postgraduate specialization fellowship is warranted, especially to determine funding opportunities to offset cost for the sites and to ensure that fellows are paid adequately.


1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith P. McMillan

This paper presents the discourse of the “science of accounts” as it developed in 19th century U.S. accounting literature. The paper initially emphasizes the meaning which the term “science of accounts” had during this period. In addition, it presents the contemporary belief that this science helped reveal the essential economic ontology, which bookkeeping makes visible. Second, the paper analyzes how this rational institutional myth became institutionalized within the emerging profession's technical journals and its professional organization, the Institute of Accounts. Through reliance on this scientific foundation, the newly emerging profession could gain greater social legitimacy, leading to the first CPA law in 1896.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-236
Author(s):  
Sue Bredekamp

Any discussion of standards, no matter how brief, must first acknowledge that there are different types of standards established for different purposes. As the director of the national voluntary accreditation system for child care centers and schools established by the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC), I am most familiar with the need and impact of accreditation standards, which are, by definition, standards for distinguishing high-quality programs established by a professional organization. In any case the implementation of a national accreditation system is heavily influenced by local and state licensing standards, which are mandatory government regulations that establish a baseline of protection. Accreditation and licensing standards are both influenced by model standards such as the health and safety standards of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Public Health Association.1 These standards establish a model, based on the best professional evidence, that serves as a reference for the other two systems but does not carry an enforcement system of its own. This paper will discuss the need for and impact of all three types of standards from the point of view of my experience in operating NAEYC's accreditation system.2 Because our accreditation process is nationally administered, we have the opportunity to observe the impact of diverse licensing standards on quality. In order to maintain accessibility we have relatively few eligibility requirements, and because we do not require 100% compliance with our criteria, we also have the opportunity to observe the interrelationships among standards and other effects. One caveat must be offered at the outset.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-592
Author(s):  
WILL C. TURNBLADH

INCREASINGLY, in recent years, pediatricians have been called on to work with the problem of juvenile delinquency. Published statistics on crimes and antisocial activities by children have sometimes been frightening, and loose remarks are often made about drastic remedies being needed to "curb" modern youth. In such a situation, parents naturally turn to their physicians for advice and counsel. Within the community pattern of the attack on juvenile delinquency, the "juvenile court" has a central role. If the ignorance of this editor is any index, pediatricians, in general, know little of the structure, responsibilities, jurisdiction, community relationships, and standards of juvenile courts. It is, for example, both revealing and reassuring to learn that ". . . the court stands in the position of a `protecting parent' rather than a prosecutor. . . ." The National Probation and Parole Association, a nonprofit citizen and professional organization with professional and technical staff, seeks to extend and improve probation and parole services for both children and adults throughout the country, to promote juvenile and domestic relations courts and to develop specialized facilities and programs for the detention of children. At the request of the editor, Mr. Will C. Turnbladh, Executive Director of the Association, has prepared the following interesting and informative article on the background and some of the problems of juvenile courts.


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