Treatment of domestic wastewater using conventional and baffled septic tanks

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (16) ◽  
pp. 2337-2343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fayza Aly Nasr ◽  
Basem Mikhaeil
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nayono ◽  
M. Singer ◽  
H. Lehn ◽  
J. Kopfmüller

To overcome the problem of water scarcity in a rural karst area located in Gunung Sewu, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, water from an underground cave (Bribin Cave) is pumped and distributed to the people. Since karst aquifers are often considered as highly vulnerable to contamination from human activities, potential problems caused by current sanitation and hygiene practices in the recharge region must be anticipated. About 90% of the people in the recharge area use pour flush syphon toilets with poorly designed septic tanks and the rest have simple pit latrines. However, the existing septic tanks are very poorly designed and are actually only improved infiltration pits. One possible option to reduce the risk of aquifer contamination is to promote sustainable sanitation, which combines hygienic aspects with recycling of nutrients from human feces and urine. Sustainable sanitation comprises different technologies including low cost technology, which can be afforded by the community and provide economic benefit to the low income inhabitants in Gunung Sewu. The technology proposed is urine diverting and composting toilets. This paper presents the existing condition of rural domestic wastewater treatment and the opinion/ acceptance of the community in karst area of Gunung Sewu towards urine diverting and composting toilets. The results of the survey shows that although the acceptance of using the composting toilet is not high (25% to 43%), the interest of the community in using the end product is relatively high. While the acceptance of composting fertilizer from feces (humanure) ranges from 37% to 57%, urine fertilizer attracts 42%-71% respondents' interest.


2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Claveau-Mallet ◽  
Félix Lida ◽  
Yves Comeau

The objective of this project was to increase the phosphorus (P) retention capacity of a conventional septic tank by adding a recirculating slag filter. Two recirculation modes and recirculation ratios from 5 to 50% were tested in the laboratory with reconstituted domestic wastewater. The best system was recirculation from the end to the inlet of the second compartment of a septic tank with a 50% recirculation ratio in the slag filter, achieving 4.2 and 1.9 mg P/L at the effluent for total phosphorus (TP) and orthophosphate (o-PO4), respectively, and a pH of 8.8. The calculated size of the slag filter for a two-bedroom house application was 1,875 kg for an expected lifetime of 2 years. The 1 mg P/L level goal was not reached, but P precipitation may be favoured by the relatively high effluent pH reaching the infiltration bed.


2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Gajurel ◽  
O. Benn ◽  
Z. Li ◽  
J. Behrendt ◽  
R. Otterpohl

A relatively new technology called pre-composting tank or Rottebehaelter, retaining solid material and draining water to a certain extent, has been found to be an interesting component of decentralised systems to replace the usual septic tank. Results of the investigation revealed that solid material which has been retained in the pre-composting tanks still contained a high percentage of water. However, there was no odour problem at and near the tanks. The pre-composted materials have to be further composted together with household and garden wastes for a year prior to their use as soil conditioner. The filtrate is further treated in a constructed wetland. One of the major advantages of this system compared to other systems, such as septic tanks, is that it does not deprive agriculture of the valuable nutrients and soil conditioner from human excreta and does not require an expensive tanker truck. It can be the most appropriate system for application in regions where there is a demand for local reuse of the end product. It has to be stated that maintenance is a crucial factor.


2021 ◽  
Vol Unlabeled volume ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Mbang ◽  
Emmanuel Ngnikam ◽  
Boniface Efon ◽  
Pierre Meukam ◽  
Stéphane Fokou

This study aims to describe the onsite sanitation and the quantification of faecal sludge in the city of Yaoundé. The city of Yaoundé, The population of Yaoundé City is about 3.1 million inhabitants in 2018 , will reach 4.7 million in 2030 with an average annual growth rate of 3.5%. The city of Yaoundé is dominated by an autonomous sanitation system which is used by 99% of households. Domestic wastewater of the city is mainly dealt through on-site sanitation systems represented by septic tanks, traditional pit latrines, ventilated improved pit latrines, etc A survey was carried out among 1100 households in the city of Yaoundé. The choice of household to be surveyed was made according to the stratified sample method. It is reviewed, the methods of quantification of existing used sludge, in order to choose a method adapted to the context of the city of Yaoundé. Several criteria are analyzed to access to the sludge produced by households: the existence or not of roads, their state of deterioration, the types of sanitation structure, the position of the structure in relation to the waterways, etc. Among the methods for quantifying the sludge explored, we found that "the specific production method" is more adapted in the context. But this method has been revised in order to integrate the analyzing elements on the accessibility of the facilities. The application of the method used has been done on 120 pit emptying during two months (june and july 2018). The choice of these pits as been done hazardly on the potential of 600 pit emptying in the city of Yaoundé during this period. The accumulation rate of faecal sludge in the city of Yaoundé is of 0.356 l/hab/jour for septic tanks and of 0.21 l/hab/jour for pit latrines. It equally varies according to the luxury of the habitat. At the scale of the city, in 2018, 41% of single pits and 84% of septic tanks can be drained by trucks. The interval between two emptying is of 7 years for septic tanks and 10 years for pit latrines. Finally, the city of Yaoundé produces 2018, 283 175 m3 of faecal sludge per year, thus 51.7% can be drained by truck (146 514 m3), either 401 m3/jour. Only 52.4% are collected and (210 m3/jour) and sent-on the site of unloading of NOMAYOS. La présente étude porte sur le traitement sur l’assainissement dans la parcelle et la quantification des boues de vidange dans la ville de Yaoundé. La population de la ville de Yaoundé 3,1 millions d’habitants en 2018, atteindra 4,7 millions en 2030 avec un taux de croissance moyen annuel de 3,5%. La ville de Yaoundé est dominée par un système d’assainissement autonome qui est utilisé par 99% des ménages. Les eaux usées domestiques de la ville sont principalement traitées par des systèmes d'assainissement autonomes représentés par des fosses septiques, des latrines à fosse traditionnelles, des latrines à fosse améliorée ventilées, etc. Une enquête a été effectuée auprès de 1100 ménages de la ville de Yaoundé. Le choix de ménage à enquêter a été faite selon la méthode stratifiée. Il est passé en revue, les méthodes de quantification des boues de vidange utilisées existantes, afin de choisir une méthode adaptée au contexte de la ville de Yaoundé. Plusieurs critères sont analysés pour évaluer l’accès aux boues produites par les ménages : l’existence ou non de voirie, leur état de dégradation, les types de l’ouvrage d’assainissement, la position de l’ouvrage par rapport aux voies d’accès etc. pour la quantification des boues de vidange. Parmi les méthodes de quantification des boues de vidanges explorées, nous avons trouvé que « la méthode production spécifique » est plus adaptée au contexte. Mais cette méthode a été revue afin d’intégrer les éléments d’analyse sur l’accessibilité des ouvrages d’assainissement. L’application de la méthode retenue a été faite sur 120 ouvrages d’assainissement vidangés entre Juin et juillet 2018, choisis au hasard sur le potentiel de 600 ouvrages vidangés dans la ville de Yaoundé pendant cette période. Le taux d’accumulation des boues de vidange dans la ville de Yaoundé est de 0,356 l/hab/jour pour les fosses septiques et 0.21 l/hab/jour pour les latrines. Il varie également en fonction de standing de l’habitat. A l’échelle de la ville, 41% des fosses uniques et 84% des fosses septiques peuvent être vidangées par camion. L’intervalle entre deux vidanges est de 7 ans en moyenne pour les fosses septiques et 10 ans pour les latrines. Au final, la ville de Yaoundé produit en 2018, 283 175 m3 de boues de vidange par an, dont 51,7% peuvent être vidangés par camion (146 514 m3), soit 401 m3/jour. Seuls 52,4% de la quantité vidangeable, sont collectés en 2018 (210 m3/jour) et acheminés sur le site de dépotage de NOMAYOS.


2019 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 254-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Keshtgar ◽  
Arsalan Rostami ◽  
Ali Akbar Azimi ◽  
Mansooreh Dehghani ◽  
Somayeh Ataolahi

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