Analisis Laporan Pelaksanaan PBL di Wilayah Pesisir Desa Bajo Indah Kecamatan Soropia Kabupaten Konawe

Letak Desa yang berada di daerah pesisir sehingga penduduk tidak memiliki fasilitas sanitasi yang layak. Banyak masyarakat yang menggunakan jamban cemplung yang tidak memiliki septic tank dan dapat mencemari sumber air. Tujuan diadakan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk menambah pengetahuan dan mengubah perilaku warga Desa Bajo Indah tentang pembuangan tinja bukan pada tempat dapat merusak estetika dan dapat menjadi sumber penyakit. Kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah sosialisasi dengan menggunakan metode ceramah, serta pembuatan septic tank komunal sebagai percontohan bagi warga Desa setempat. Hasil yang diperoleh dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah warga telah mengetahui pentingnya pembuangan tinja pada tempatnya. Warga juga sangat antusias dalam membuatan 1 unit septic tank komunal sebagai percontohan yang digunakan oleh 3 rumah, dan lokasi pembuatannya dilakukan di Dusun I Desa Bajo Indah. Diharapkan bagi aparat Desa serta pemerintah setempat, agar memberikan alternatif dalam penindaklanjutan pembuatan septic tank komunal untuk mengurangi beban ekonomi warga, serta tiap warga dapat memiliki jamban yang memenuhi syarat kesehatan.

Laporan PBL I Di Wilayah Pesisir Desa Bajo Indah Kec. Soropia Kab.Konawe

Letak Desa yang berada di daerah pesisir sehingga penduduk tidak memiliki fasilitas sanitasi yang layak. Banyak masyarakat yang menggunakan jamban cemplung yang tidak memiliki septic tank dan dapat mencemari sumber air. Tujuan diadakan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk menambah pengetahuan dan mengubah perilaku warga Desa Bajo Indah tentang pembuangan tinja bukan pada tempat dapat merusak estetika dan dapat menjadi sumber penyakit. Kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah sosialisasi dengan menggunakan metode ceramah, serta pembuatan septic tank komunal sebagai percontohan bagi warga Desa setempat. Hasil yang diperoleh dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah warga telah mengetahui pentingnya pembuangan tinja pada tempatnya. Warga juga sangat antusias dalam membuatan 1 unit septic tank komunal sebagai percontohan yang digunakan oleh 3 rumah, dan lokasi pembuatannya dilakukan di Dusun I Desa Bajo Indah. Diharapkan bagi aparat Desa serta pemerintah setempat, agar memberikan alternatif dalam penindaklanjutan pembuatan septic tank komunal untuk mengurangi beban ekonomi warga, serta tiap warga dapat memiliki jamban yang memenuhi syarat kesehatan.

Dispersed urban-stormwater control improved stream water quality in a catchment-scale experiment

Traditional approaches to urban drainage degrade receiving waters. Alternative approaches have potential to protect downstream waters and provide other benefits to cities, including greater water security. Their widespread adoption requires robust demonstration of their feasibility and effectiveness. We conducted a catchment-scale, before-after-control-reference-impact experiment to assess the effect of dispersed stormwater control on stream ecosystems. We used a variant of effective imperviousness (EI), integrating catchment-scale stormwater runoff impact and stormwater-control-measure (SCM) performance, as the measure of experimental effect. We assessed the response of water quality variables in 6 sites on 2 streams, following SCM implementation in their catchments. We compared changes in those streams over 7 years, as SCM implementation increased, to the 12 preceding years, and over the 19 years in 3 reference and 2 control streams. SCMs reduced phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations and temperature, and increased electrical conductivity; with effect size negatively correlated with antecedent rain. SCM-induced reductions in phosphorus and temperature were of a similar magnitude to increases from urban development, when assessed as a function of change in EI. Nitrogen reductions were observed, even though concentrations among sites were not correlated with EI, being more influenced by septic tank seepage. SCMs had no effect on suspended solids concentrations, which were lower in urban streams than in reference streams. This experiment strengthens the inference that urban stormwater drainage increases contaminant concentrations in urban streams, and demonstrates that such impacts are reversible and likely preventable. SCMs reduce contaminant concentrations by reducing the frequency and magnitude of uncontrolled drainage flows and augmenting reduced baseflows. Increased EC and reduced temperature are likely a result of increased contribution of groundwater to baseflows. The stormwater control achieved by the experiment did not fully return phosphorus or nitrogen concentrations to reference levels, but their responses indicate such an outcome is possible in dominant conditions (up to ~20 mm of 24-h antecedent rain). This would require nearly all impervious surfaces draining to SCMs with large retention capacity, thus requiring more downslope space and water demand. EI predicts stream water quality responses to SCMs, allowing better catchment prioritization and SCM design standards for stream protection.

Effect of turbidity on ultraviolet disinfection of domestic wastewater for agricultural reuse

Water treatment and reuse are fundamental because of the increasing demand for freshwater, especially in agriculture. Accordingly, this study evaluated the effects of turbidity of wastewater processed at the Effluent Treatment Station (ETE) of the UFSCar/Araras and of UV dose on microbial inactivation. The ETE treats up to 2000 L of wastewater daily from toilets and a university restaurant and has five components (grease box, septic tank, microalgae tank, upflow anaerobic filter, and wetlands). Pretreated effluents were used in the experiments, and sampling sites consisted of inspection boxes located after the wetlands. Sample collection, inspection, preservation, and analyses were performed according to standard methods. Sample turbidity was adjusted to 5, 50, 100, 200, and 300 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), and UV doses of 7.2–28.8 mWs cm-2 were used. A 5 x 5 factorial design (five turbidity levels and five radiation doses) was used, totaling 25 treatments. Each treatment was performed in triplicate. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey’s test. The results showed that the increase in turbidity significantly decreased disinfection efficiency in samples with turbidity levels higher than 50 NTU. The microbial inactivation coefficients obtained here can be extrapolated to disinfection of wastewater with turbidity up to 300 NTU to eliminate thermotolerant coliforms. The UV sterilizer is feasible for wastewater treatment and its reuse in agriculture. Keywords: domestic effluent, sustainability, ultraviolet radiation, water reuse.

Bivariate representation of population density using public and private drinking and wastewater infrastructure

Drinking and wastewater infrastructure consists of both public and private usage. On each property parcel, drinking water can be privately provided by a well or publicly provided through a municipality. Wastewater can be a private septic tank or a public sewer. Property parcels can use all private, all public, or a combination of public and private solutions. It is important for planners and city officials to have knowledge of these systems, and it is also important to know the number of people using each type of infrastructure to prioritize resources and plan for future expansions. Visualizing the complexity of these data using separate univariate maps is aesthetically inferior involving back and forth comparisons. Further, the univariate maps represent land parcels only and do not capture the population that is using each type of water infrastructure. Our research develops a single bivariate map that facilitates the visualization of population using both public and private drinking and wastewater solutions simultaneously. The bivariate map is tended for use by planners, city officials, environmentalists, and others interested in the visualization of the spatial patterns of water infrastructure within one complete map.

Modification of Septic Tank for Sedimentation Optimization in the Public Toilet (Case Study at Wisdom Park UGM)

Septic tank with sedimentation and anaerobic processes in the same tank is commonly used as a domestic wastewater treatment technology in individual households and communal systems. Although simple to construct, such a system has some problems, such as effluent not meeting the quality requirement and blocking by trash and suspended solid before the second treatment chamber. This research aims to develop a new septic tank design that is simpler to construct and improve performance. The new design uses HDPE material, which is easier to build and standardized compared to the conventional concrete structure. The performance of the new design was compared to the conventional septic tank. The start-up process was monitored for flowrate, COD, TSS, NH3N, PO4-P parameters and evaluated against effluent standards. The study was conducted at public toilet facilities at Wisdom Park UGM and Sunday Morning Market. Results from the study show that the new design effectively improves effluent quality and overcomes the trash problem.

Microbial and Physicochemical Qualities of Septic Tank Wastewater: An Evaluation.

The physicochemical and microbial qualities of septic tank effluent samples from households within the study area were evaluated. Three replicate samples from Locations A, B, and C representing Agbor, Benin City, and Sapele regions of Delta and Edo States, Nigeria were collected from both the inlet tank (raw sewage) and the outlet chamber (semi-treated sewage) for physicochemical and microbiological analyses using standard methods. Results of the physicochemical analyses showed that pH values ranged from 6.5 – 7.7 across locations and in both the raw and semi-treated samples. Electrical conductivity (EC), Total suspended solid (TSS) and BOD was significantly higher (p>0.05) in the raw sewage (RS) than in the semi-treated (SS), while DO was higher (p>0.05) in the SS in all three locations sampled. Microbial analysis shows that total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) was highest in the RS in two locations. Microbial isolates from wastewater samples included Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Aspergillus niger. DO was low at an average of 3.20 and 3.73 mg/L in both chambers of the septic tank. Average BOD5 of 59.4 and 42.8 mg/L and COD average of 206.8 and 153.2 mg/L were reported for the RS and SS chambers. 0.3 was the value of the ratio of BOD5/COD for the RS and SS in the study. This infers that biodegradation was slow and inefficient in the septic tank system, and that modification of the design is recommended to increase retention time in the RS chamber

Groundwater Mapping of Total Coliform Contamination in Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Groundwater is a pivotal resource to supply clean and drinking water besides surface water. In Indonesia, there are various issues regarding groundwater quality and quantity. By increasing population growth has an impact on groundwater quality, such as generated pathogen contamination. To prevent groundwater pollution was used sanitation facilities were called communal WWTPs. Unfortunately, most WWTPs were not performing optimal, and some had already stopped operating. This study aimed to display groundwater quality using the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) for 2018 to 2019 in the Sleman Region of Yogyakarta Province. The spatial analysis was completed by observation and interview methods. The total coliform number was measured from 29 monitoring wells. The results explained that compared to 2018, groundwater quality in 2019 showed a decrease in contamination by pathogenic bacteria. Groundwater flows also shown the spread of contamination from north to the south area. The distance between monitoring well and septic tank or WWTPs outlet, depth, and the physical condition were substantial factors for spreading the contamination.

Comparative study between conventional and mechanical technology on fecal sludge treatment plants (FSTP) in Indonesia

In pursuit of access to wastewater services to reach the target of 100%, it is undeniable that the non-sewer system/on-site system should continue to be developed. The non-sewer system provides low-cost options, making access to wastewater infrastructure more affordable. As a further treatment of the fecal sludge produced from on-site technology such as septic tank, FSTP (Faecal Sludge Treatment Plant) is needed. This study was conducted on 4 FSTPs in Java Island, namely 2 conventional system FSTPs (Keputih FSTP, Surabaya and Betoyoguci FSTP, Gresik) and 2 mechanical system FSTPs (Duri Kosambi FSTP, Jakarta and Sumur Batu FSTP, Bekasi). The research was conducted by comparing performance indicators which are collection, treatment, human resources, and cost-efficiency, representing development priority aspects. Analysis of the development strategy was carried out by SWOT analysis. Based on performance indicator comparison, Duri Kosambi FSTP has the highest collection efficiency among the others. Treatment efficiency ranging around 60%, and human resources efficiency in all FSTPs ranging at 80%. Duri Kosambi FSTP has an acceptable cost efficiency level, while the rest are still dissatisfactory. Development strategy derived from SWOT analysis should include an effort to do scheduled desludging, partial investment from government, adjusting tariff, and optimizing FSTP capacity.