Neuropsychological assessment without upper limb involvement: a systematic review of oral versions of the Trail Making Test and Symbol-Digit Modalities Test

Objetivo: Verificar as alterações estruturais e funcionais, evidenciadas através da imagem por ressonância magnética, relacionadas aos déficits de memória identificados em idosos normais, quando comparados a adultos jovens. Metodologia: Procedeu-se à revisão sistemática, cujo protocolo obedeceu ao fluxograma do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Foram investigadas as bases de dados PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, utilizando o gerenciador de referências JabRef, na versão 2.10, e o Web of Science, pelo website. Foram incluídos artigos de estudos quase experimentais, transversais, em coorte ou tipo caso-controle, publicados entre 2005 e 2014, em periódicos indexados nacionais e internacionais, cuja amostra incluísse idosos a partir de 60 anos, não dementes, submetidos à investigação de alterações estruturais e funcionais do sistema nervoso central, por ressonância magnética e sua associação com déficits de memória avaliados por testes neuropsicológicos. Resultados: Quanto à técnica de imagem empregada, identificaram-se dois estudos com imagem por ressonância magnética estrutural, seis estudos com utilização de imagem por ressonância magnética funcional, e quatro estudos que empregaram ambas as técnicas. Nos 12 estudos foi identificado o emprego de 38 testes neuropsicológicos distintos, com uma média de cinco testes por estudo, com variação de um a 12 testes. Dentre os testes mais usados, estiveram o WAIS Digit Span Backwards (em sete estudos), o Trail Making Test A and B (em quatro estudos) e o Wechsler Memory Scale (em quatro estudos). Conclusão: Os estudos demonstraram que no envelhecimento normal, ocorre redução do volume de substância branca para-hipocampal, do volume do hipocampo e do córtex entorrinal com redução de memória verbal, possivelmente por desmielinização das fibras; redução das vias que ligam o lobo temporal e frontal, contribuindo para a redução da memória episódica, da memória de trabalho e da fluência verbal; redução da supressão de informações irrelevantes, o que contribui para menor registro de informação; alterações das áreas frontal e parietal que comprometem a memória de reconhecimento; modificações na atividade e na conectividade do default mode network; reorganização das funções cognitivas, bem como alentecimento de resposta por provável redução de ativação do córtex pré- frontal

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Neuropsychological performance changes following subthalamic versus pallidal deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and metaanalysis

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852917000062 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 10-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ahmed Elgebaly ◽

Mohamed Elfil ◽

Attia Attia ◽

Mayar Magdy ◽

Ahmed Negida

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Deep Brain Stimulation ◽

Verbal Fluency ◽

Neuropsychological Performance ◽

Trail Making Test ◽

Test Part ◽

Trail Making ◽

Neuropsychological Outcomes ◽

Naming Test ◽

Deep Brain

BackgroundStudies comparing subthalamus (STN) and globus pallidus internus (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the management of Parkinson’s disease in terms of neuropsychological performance are scarce and heterogeneous. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and metaanalysis to compare neuropsychological outcomes following STN DBS versus GPi DBS.MethodsA computer literature search of PubMed, the Web of Science, and Cochrane Central was conducted. Records were screened for eligible studies, and data were extracted and synthesized using Review Manager (v. 5.3 for Windows).ResultsSeven studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Of them, four randomized controlled trials (n=345 patients) were pooled in the metaanalysis models. The standardized mean difference (SMD) of change in the Stroop color-naming test favored the GPi DBS group (SMD=–0.31,p=0.009). However, other neuropsychological outcomes did not favor either of the two groups (Stroop word-reading:SMD=–0.21,p=0.08; the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) digits forward:SMD=0.08,p=0.47; Trail Making Test Part A:SMD=–0.05,p=0.65; WAIS–R digit symbol:SMD=–0.16,p=0.29; Trail Making Test Part B:SMD=–0.14,p=0.23; Stroop color–word interference:SMD=–0.16,p=0.18; phonemic verbal fluency: bilateral DBSSMD=–0.04,p=0.73, and unilateral DBSSMD=–0.05,p=0.83; semantic verbal fluency: bilateral DBSSMD=–0.09,p=0.37, and unilateral DBSSMD=–0.29,p=0.22; Boston Naming Test:SMD=–0.11,p=0.33; Beck Depression Inventory: bilateral DBSSMD=0.15,p=0.31, and unilateral DBSSMD=0.36,p=0.11).ConclusionsThere was no statistically significant difference in most of the neuropsychological outcomes. The present evidence does not favor any of the targets in terms of neuropsychological performance.

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The Neuropsychological Profile of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Lewy Body Dementias

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617719001103 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 210-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Joanna Ciafone ◽

Bethany Little ◽

Alan J. Thomas ◽

Peter Gallagher

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

Verbal Ability ◽

Poor Performance ◽

Executive Dysfunction ◽

Trail Making Test ◽

Neuropsychological Profile ◽

Trail Making

AbstractObjectives:Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) have substantial clinical and biological overlap, with cognitive deficits typically observed in the executive and visuospatial domains. However, the neuropsychological profiles of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) associated with these disorders are not well understood.Methods:This systematic review examined existing literature on cognition in MCI due to LB disease (MCI-LB) and PD (PD-MCI) using an electronic search of seven databases (Medline, Embase, Psychinfo, PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, and ScienceDirect). MCI-LB results were reviewed narratively given the small number of resulting papers (n = 7). Outcome variables from PD-MCI studies (n = 13) were extracted for meta-analysis of standardised mean differences (SMD).Results:In MCI-LB, executive dysfunction and slowed processing speed were the most prominent impairments, while visuospatial and working memory (WM) functions were also poor. MCI-LB scored significantly lower on verbal memory tests relative to controls, but significantly higher than patients with MCI due to Alzheimer’s disease. Quantitative analysis of studies in PD-MCI showed a similar profile of impairment, with the largest deficits in visuospatial function (Benton Judgement of Line Orientation, SMD g = −2.09), executive function (Trail Making Test B, SMD g = −1.65), verbal ability (Naming Tests, SMD g = −0.140), and WM (Trail Making Test A, SMD g = −1.20). In both MCI-LB and PD-MCI, verbal and visuospatial memory retrieval was impaired, while encoding and storage appeared relatively intact.Conclusions:The findings of this systematic review indicate similar neuropsychological profiles in the MCI stages of DLB and PDD. Executive impairment may at least partially explain poor performance in other domains.

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A-38Utility of Derived Difference Scores from the Trail Making Test to a Neuropsychological Assessment

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acx076.38 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 667-765

Author(s):

D Patel ◽

W Goette ◽

Ahmed S Carballo ◽

A Schmitt ◽

P Champagne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neuropsychological Assessment ◽

Trail Making Test ◽

Difference Scores ◽

Trail Making

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Regression-Based Normative Data for Independent and Cognitively Active Spanish Older Adults: Digit Span, Letters and Numbers, Trail Making Test and Symbol Digit Modalities Test

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18199958 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (19) ◽

pp. 9958

Author(s):

Clara Iñesta ◽

Javier Oltra-Cucarella ◽

Beatriz Bonete-López ◽

Eva Calderón-Rubio ◽

Esther Sitges-Maciá

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

General Population ◽

Neuropsychological Assessment ◽

Normative Data ◽

Digit Span ◽

Base Rate ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Trail Making Test ◽

Active Population ◽

Trail Making

In this work, we developed normative data for the neuropsychological assessment of independent and cognitively active Spanish older adults over 55 years of age. Method: Regression-based normative data were calculated from a sample of 103 non-depressed independent community-dwelling adults aged 55 or older (67% women). Raw data for Digit Span (DS), Letters and Numbers (LN), the Trail Making Test (TMT), and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) were regressed on age, sex, and education. The model predicting TMT-B scores also included TMT-A scores. Z-scores for the discrepancy between observed and predicted scores were used to identify low scores. The base rate of low scores for SABIEX normative data was compared to the base rate of low scores using published normative data obtained from the general population. Results: The effects of age, sex, and education varied across neuropsychological measures. Although the proportion of low scores was similar between normative datasets, there was no agreement in the identification of cognitively impaired individuals. Conclusions: Normative data obtained from the general population might not be sensitive to identify low scores in cognitively active older adults, incorrectly classifying them as cognitively normal compared to the less-active population. We provide a friendly calculator for use in neuropsychological assessment in cognitively active Spanish people aged 55 or older.

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Schlafqualität und deren Beziehung zu attentional-exekutiven Funktionsleistungen bei unipolar depressiven Patienten

Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie ◽

10.1024/1016-264x/a000190 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 231-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bernd Kundermann ◽

Stanislava Fockenberg ◽

Nicole Cabanel ◽

Matthias J. Müller

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Trail Making Test ◽

Trail Making

Zusammenfassung. Die Beziehung zwischen kognitiven Defiziten und Schlafstörungen depressiver Patienten wurde bisher wenig untersucht. Stationär behandelte depressive Patienten beantworteten Fragebögen zur Depressivität und Schlafqualität (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory, PSQI), gefolgt von neuropsychologischen Untersuchungen zu attentional-exekutiven Funktionsleistungen (Trail Making Test: TMT-A, TMT-B) an Tag 1 (abends) und Tag 2 (morgens). Patienten mit schweren Schlafstörungen (PSQI > 10, n = 8) erbrachten gegenüber Patienten mit maximal moderat ausgeprägten Schlafstörungen (PSQI ≤ 10, n = 8) signifikant geringere Leistungen im Rahmen des TMT-A und TMT-B. Signifikante positive Korrelationen zwischen dem Globalwert des PSQI und der TMT-B-Bearbeitungszeit blieben auch unter statistischer Berücksichtigung von Kovariaten erhalten. Diese Ergebnisse unterstreichen die enge Beziehung zwischen kognitiven Dysfunktionen und Schlafstörungen bei depressiven Patienten. Mögliche therapeutische Implikationen werden diskutiert.

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Die Standardabweichung der Reaktionszeiten als ein Maß für negative Antwortverzerrungen

Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie ◽

10.1024/1016-264x/a000123 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 89-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sebastian Bodenburg

Keyword(s):

Trail Making Test ◽

Memory Tests ◽

Wechsler Memory Scale ◽

Word Memory ◽

Trail Making ◽

Negative Antwortverzerrungen

Negative Antwortverzerrungen werden quantitativ mit expliziten Beschwerdenvalidierungstests oder mit eingebetteten Parametern untersucht. Es wird die Kriteriumsvalidität der Standardabweichung von Reaktionszeiten als eingebetteter Parameter zur Untersuchung negativer Antwortverzerrungen überprüft. In die Studie wurden 26 Frauen und 65 Männer mit Schädelhirnverletzungen einbezogen. Abhängige Variable war die Standardabweichung der Reaktionszeiten (Untertest Alertness, Testbatterie zur Aufmerksamkeitsprüfung). Prädiktorvariablen in der multivariaten Kovarianzanalyse waren das Alter der Probanden und folgende Testrohwerte: Trail Making Test (Formen A und B), Parameter GSI der Symptomcheckliste, Untertest Zahlennachsprechen vorwärts aus der Wechsler Memory Scale, Strukturierter Fragebogen Simulierter Symptome, der mittlere Wert der in Prozentzahlen ausgedrückten richtigen Antworten der Parameter IR, DR und CNS des Word Memory Tests (WMT), das Geschlecht der Probanden sowie die dichotomisierte Gruppierung von Patienten mit oder ohne klinisch fassbaren Auffälligkeiten der Aufmerksamkeit. Von den Prädiktorvariablen stellte sich allein der mittlere Wert der in Prozent ausgedrückten richtigen Antworten des WMT als signifikant heraus. Probanden mit einer geringen Anzahl richtiger Antworten im WMT zeigten größere Standardabweichungen. Alle weiteren einbezogenen Prädiktoren – insbesondere beide Aufmerksamkeitsparameter – hatten in Bezug auf die Standardabweichungen keinen signifikanten Einfluss.

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Querschnittsuntersuchung von Bewohnern einer stationären Eingliederungsmaßnahme mit der Diagnose einer Psychose aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis

Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie ◽

10.1024/1422-4917/a000581 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 505-515

Author(s):

Micha Werner ◽

Maike Hofsaess ◽

Anina Burgbacher ◽

Katarina Müller ◽

Matthias Martin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trail Making Test ◽

Kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit ◽

Adult Intelligence ◽

Intelligence Score ◽

Trail Making ◽

Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Zusammenfassung. Fragestellung: Das Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung ist es, das neuropsychologische Funktionsniveau, die Behandlungszufriedenheit und die Medikation bei Kindern und Jugendlichen zu evaluieren, die an einer Psychose aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis erkrankt sind und zum Zeitpunkt der Untersuchung an einer stationären Eingliederungsmaßnahme in dem Kinder- und Jugendwohnheim Leppermühle teilnahmen. Zusätzlich sollen bekannte Prädiktoren auf ihren Einfluss auf verschiedene Verlaufsvariablen hin untersucht werden. Methodik: Es konnten 42 Patienten (37.2 %) der insgesamt 113 Bewohner des Kinder- und Jugendwohnheims mit einer entsprechenden Diagnose untersucht werden. Ergebnisse: Die Patienten waren bei Erkrankungsbeginn durchschnittlich 14.5 Jahre alt und zum Zeitpunkt der Untersuchung waren sie im Mittel 20.0 Jahre alt. Für den Gesamtintelligenzquotient lag der Wert bei 87.0 Punkten, für den Trail Making Test Teil A (TMT-A) bei 73.1 Punkten und für den Trail Making Test Teil B (TMT-B) bei 75.6 Punkten. Die Behandlungszufriedenheit lag in allen Skalen und Subskalen des Fragebogens zur Beurteilung der Behandlung (FBB) bei 2.50 bis 3.50 Punkten, was einer guten Bewertung entspricht. Die Medikation entsprach nicht in allen Punkten den Leitlinien. Als Prädiktoren für das neuropsychologische Funktionsniveau konnte nur die prämorbide kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit bestätigt werden. Schlussfolgerungen: Die gefundenen Ergebnisse im Wechsler Adult Intelligence Score IV (WAIS-IV) und im TMT-A/B sprechen für eine deutliche Beeinträchtigung der Patienten im neuropsychologischen Funktionsniveau und decken sich überwiegend mit den Werten bisher durchgeführter Studien.

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Spatial and symbolic factors in performance on the Trail Making Test.

Neuropsychology ◽

10.1037/0894-4105.6.1.71 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 71-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Bård Fossum ◽

Haakon Holmberg ◽

Ivar Reinvang

Keyword(s):

Trail Making Test ◽

Trail Making

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