Validity of the Male Depression Risk Scale in a representative Canadian sample: sensitivity and specificity in identifying men with recent suicide attempt

SummaryBackgroundMedically serious suicide attempts have been recognized as the most important predictor of suicide. The Computerized Suicide Risk Scale based on backpropagation neural networks (CSRS-BP) has been recently found efficient in the detection of records of patients who performed medically serious suicide attempts (MSSA).ObjectivesTo validate the CSRS-BP by: 1) using the CSRS-BP with patients instead of records; 2) comparing the ability of expert psychiatrists to detect MSSA, using the CSRS checklist; and 3) comparing the results of the Risk Estimator for Suicide (RES) and the self-rating Suicide Risk Scale (SRS) with the CSRS-BP.MethodsTwo hundred fifty psychiatric inpatients (35 MSSA and 215 non-MSSA) were diagnosed by clinicians using the SCID DSM-IV. Three expert psychiatrists completed the CSRS checklist, and the RES for each patient, and the patients completed the self-report SRS assessment scale. The CSRS-BP was run for each patient. Five other expert psychiatrists assessed the CSRS checklists and estimated the probability of MSSA for each patient. Comparisons of sensitivity and specificity rates between CSRS-BP, assessment scales and experts were done.ResultsInitially, the CSRS-BP, RES, SRS, and experts performed poorly. Although sensitivity and specificity rates significantly improved (two to four times) after the inclusion of information regarding the number of previous suicide attempts in the input data set, results still remained insignificant.ConclusionsThe CSRS-BP, which was very successful in the detection of MSSA patient records, failed to detect MSSA patients in face-to-face interviews. Information regarding previous suicide attempts is an important MSSA predictor, but remains insufficient for the detection of MSSA in individual patients. The detection rate of the SRS and RES scales was also poor and could therefore not identify MSSA patients or be used to validate the CSRS-BP.

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Re-Gendering Depression: Risk, Web Health Campaigns, and the Feminized Pharmaco-Subject

Canadian Journal of Communication ◽

10.22230/cjc.2007v32n3a1862 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Paula M Gardner

Keyword(s):

Broad Spectrum ◽

Policy Advocacy ◽

Health Campaigns ◽

Biological Factors ◽

Male Depression ◽

Visual Discourse ◽

Depression Risk ◽

Analyse Du Discours ◽

Women And Girls ◽

Article Analyse

Abstract: This article analyzes the textual and visual discourse of recent depression campaigns and advertisements generated by state-policy, advocacy, and pharmaceutical organizations, drawing on the work of Anne Balsamo, Nikolas Rose, and Paul Rabinow, among others. A variety of recent Web campaigns are critiqued, addressing the new pharmaceutical strategy of identifying a broad spectrum of depression. These campaigns re-gender subjects by targeting common social and biological factors in the lives of women and girls as risks, while framing male depression as patriarchal opportunity. This analysis of the discourse of gender, risk, and depression in the context of neo-liberalism indicates how health subjects are imagined as consumers and how this situation creates new constrained forms of “responsibilized,” gendered subjectivity. Résumé : Cet article analyse le discours textuel et visuel de campagnes et de publicités récentes sur la dépression produites par des organismes gouvernementaux, activistes et pharmaceutiques. Pour ce faire, on se fonde sur l’oeuvre d’Anne Balsamo, Nikolas Rose et Paul Rabinow, entre autres. Nous y passons en revue une diversité de campagnes sur le Web en portant une attention particulière sur la nouvelle stratégie pharmaceutique qui consiste à reconnaître un large éventail de types de dépression. Ces campagnes remettent l’accent sur le sexe des sujets en évaluant les pratiques quotidiennes de femmes et de filles comme comportant des risques tout en cadrant la dépression masculine comme occasion patriarcale. Cette analyse du discours sur le sexe, le risque et la dépression dans le contexte du néolibéralisme indique comment maints organismes perçoivent les patients comme étant des consommateurs et comment cette perception crée de nouvelles formes contraignantes de subjectivité « responsabilisée » par sexe.

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Patients who attempted suicide and failed to attend mental health centres

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(99)80743-3 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 205-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

J. Jauregui ◽

M.L. Martínez ◽

G. Rubio ◽

J. Santo-Domingo

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Suicide Attempt ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Attempted Suicide ◽

Psychiatric Care ◽

Health Centre ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Violent Behaviour ◽

Mental Health Centre ◽

Risk Scale

SummaryDifferent studies report non-attendance to treatment of between 20 to 70% of patients after a suicide attempt. However, few studies have analyzed the characteristics of this non-attending population. To determine therefore the characteristics or profile of individuals who do not attend outpatient centres to which they are referred after a suicide attempt, we performed this study.A total of 232 patients who had attended the Emergency Department of our general hospital were interviewed. Instruments used included the suicide risk scale, the violent behaviour scale, the impulsivity scale, the hopelessness scale, and the Beck's depression scale.Seventy-three percent of the sample did not attend the mental health centre to which they had been referred. In comparison to the attending group, the non-attending group had the following characteristics: unmarried, residing in an urban area, took less precautions not to be discovered, were more critical of the attempt, and the purpose of the attempt was to resolve a conflict. Our data emphasize the importance of social and interpersonal aspects in determining the nature of the psychiatric care required by these types of patients.

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Applying Item Response Theory Modeling to Identify Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00284 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (6) ◽

pp. 1916-1932 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Haiying Yuan ◽

Christine Dollaghan

Keyword(s):

Item Response Theory ◽

Item Response ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Social Communication ◽

National Database ◽

Communication Disorder ◽

Social Communication Questionnaire ◽

Autism Research ◽

The Social ◽

Pragmatic Communication

Purpose No diagnostic tools exist for identifying social (pragmatic) communication disorder (SPCD), a new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition category for individuals with social communication deficits but not the repetitive, restricted behaviors and interests (RRBIs) that would qualify them for a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We explored the value of items from a widely used screening measure of ASD for distinguishing SPCD from typical controls (TC; Aim 1) and from ASD (Aim 2). Method We applied item response theory (IRT) modeling to Social Communication Questionnaire–Lifetime ( Rutter, Bailey, & Lord, 2003 ) records available in the National Database for Autism Research. We defined records from putative SPCD ( n = 54), ASD ( n = 278), and TC ( n = 274) groups retrospectively, based on National Database for Autism Research classifications and Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised responses. After assessing model assumptions, estimating model parameters, and measuring model fit, we identified items in the social communication and RRBI domains that were maximally informative in differentiating the groups. Results IRT modeling identified a set of seven social communication items that distinguished SPCD from TC with sensitivity and specificity > 80%. A set of five RRBI items was less successful in distinguishing SPCD from ASD (sensitivity and specificity < 70%). Conclusion The IRT modeling approach and the Social Communication Questionnaire–Lifetime item sets it identified may be useful in efforts to construct screening and diagnostic measures for SPCD.

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IgA-antitissue transglutaminase: Sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing Celiac Disease

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(01)81960-0 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 120 (5) ◽

pp. A395-A395

Author(s):

J WEST ◽

A LLOYD ◽

P HILL ◽

G HOLMES

Keyword(s):

Celiac Disease ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity

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