Emerging drivers and business models for equipment reuse and remanufacturing in the US: lessons from the biotech industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 1631-1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesela Veleva ◽  
Gavin Bodkin
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Equipment Reuse ◽  
The Us ◽  
Biotech Industry

The Dolly-Dollar Dichotomy: Animal Cloning Restrictions and the Competitiveness of the European Biotech Industry

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-430
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Production Capacity ◽  
Transgenic Animals ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Animal Cloning ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Us ◽  
Biotech Industry ◽  
Employment Potential ◽  
European Situation

AbstractObjective: Review of animal cloning legislation (legal restrictions) and its potential impact on the competitiveness of the European biotech industry.Material and methods: Review and comparison of enacted and pending international legislation on animal cloning techniques (US and EU), analyzing materials obtained by database searches and direct contact with EU and US officials. Market prices on therapeutic hormones were provided by Apoteksbolaget, Sweden. The estimations for the production capacity of transgenic animals are based on information from Genzyme USA, and include results obtained from a review of international articles on animal cloning.Results: Recent scientific and technological progress in modern cloning techniques holds promise to be able to produce an increased amount of cheaper human therapeutics (growth hormone, factor IX, etc.) in the near future. Animal cloning restrictions, as recently introduced in Holland, could thus, if spread to other EU Member States, have a stigmatizing effect upon these developments. This, of course, would have serious implications for the competitiveness of the European biotech industry, reducing the expected employment potential in this field. The European situation can be usefully compared with the developments in the US, where no animal cloning restriction is foreseen in the currently debated US cloning legislation, which refers exclusively to human cloning restrictions. A relocation of the European biotech industry to the US has already been reported on, a process that would, if continued, subsequently diminish the European potential for influencing future developments in the area.

From the Rise of Authentic Italian Restaurants in America to the Creation of New Multicultural Food Tourism Experiences

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Alessandra Campanari ◽  
Alessio Cavicchi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Italian American ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Food Tourism ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
Food Identity

With the emergence of culinary multiculturalism in the globalized world, ethnic restaurants have become central symbols of postmodern life, no longer relegated to a domestic and community sphere, but able to attract non-ethnic customers without necessarily destroy food cultural heritage. In line with this trend, the article aims to contribute to the literature on new food tourism experiences by examining contemporary Italian restaurants in the US to investigate how Italian food identity in ethnic restaurants is advertised and sold. Starting from the literature on Italian culinary immigration in America, from the rise of the first Italian restaurants to the invention of the Italian American culinary tradition, the article provides an ethnographic study to understand the changing business environment that is leading new entrepreneurs in foodservice to diversify their business models towards the creation of new food tourism experiences as a result of an ever-changing dialogue between tradition and innovation.

The globalization of TikTok: Strategies, governance and geopolitics

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-292
Author(s):  
Lianrui Jia ◽  
Fan Liang
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Global Media ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Government Relations ◽  
Platform Governance ◽  
The Us ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
Global Platform ◽  
National Governments ◽  
The Rise Of China

This article examines the rise of TikTok in three aspects: globalization strategies, data and content policies, and geopolitical implications. Instead of focusing on app features and uses within the platform proper, we situate and critically analyse TikTok as a platform business in a global media policy and governance context. We first unpack TikTok’s platformization process, tracing how TikTok gradually diversifies its business models and platform affordances to serve multisided markets. To understand TikTok’s platform governance, we systematically analyse and compare its data and content policies for different regions. Crucial to its global expansion, we then look at TikTok’s lobbying efforts to maintain government relations and corporate responses after facing multiple regulatory probing by various national governments. TikTok’s case epitomizes problems and challenges faced by a slew of globalizing Chinese digital platforms in increasingly contested geopolitics that cut across the chasms and fault lines between the rise of China and India as emergent powers in the US-dominated global platform ecosystem.

The EU Response to Criminal Misuse of Cryptocurrencies: The Young, already Outdated 5th Anti-Money Laundering Directive

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-251
Author(s):  
Valentina Covolo
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Business Models ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
The Core ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The Us ◽  
New Business ◽  
New Business Models ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Combatting criminal misuse of cryptocurrencies was at the core of the fatf agenda under the US Presidency, culminating in June 2019 with the thorough extension of international standards against money laundering over virtual assets’ markets. This echoed the first legislative measure regulating virtual currencies adopted by the EU a year before. Directive 2018/843, better known as the 5th Anti-Money Laundering Directive, fails however to address key technological breakthroughs and new business models, which continuously make the ever-growing and fast-paced crypto economy evolve. Against this background, the present contribution investigates shortfalls and challenges that lay ahead in the light of the new fatf Recommendations. It ultimately argues that the preventive anti-money laundering measures cannot dispense with the establishment of a cross-border integrated supervisory and enforcement system.

scholarly journals Shadow Banking in Europe: Idiosyncrasies and their Implications for Regulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein NABILOU ◽  
André PRÜM
Keyword(s):  
Market Structure ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Shadow Banking ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Money Market Funds ◽  
The Us ◽  
Shadow Banking System ◽  
The Eu

This paper studies the specificities of shadow banking in Europe. It highlights striking differences between the EU and the US shadow banking sectors based on both market structure and legal micro-infrastructure of the shadow banking sectors in these two jurisdictions. It argues that these different institutional and legal infrastructures, as well as the different trajectories in the evolution of the shadow banking sectors in terms of business models, size and composition of actors and transactions, can be the driving force behind the differential regulatory treatment of shadow banking across the Atlantic. In highlighting such differences, this paper focuses on repo transactions, as the main instruments that play a significant role in credit intermediation outside the regulatory perimeter of the banking system. It then discusses money market funds and highlights differences in their structure, functioning, and their existing regulatory treatment. The paper concludes that the market structure, business models, and legacy legal and regulatory frameworks of shadow banking display substantial differences across the Atlantic. The findings in this paper rally against one-size-fits-all approaches to addressing the problems of the shadow banking system worldwide and recommends differentiated and more nuanced regulatory approaches to regulating shadow banking across the Atlantic.

Backbone Topology, Access, and the Commercial Internet, 1997–2000

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morton E O'Kelly ◽  
Tony H Grubesic
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Telecommunications Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Telecommunications Infrastructure ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Us

As the Internet grows in popularity, telecommunications infrastructure in the United States continues to increase in capacity and geographic reach to meet market demand. Important components of this infrastructure include the commercial fiber-optic backbones used to transport digital information between locations. The spatial organization of commercial Internet backbones reflects an increasingly competitive privatized market for service provision, in which certain locations are more accessible and better connected than others. The authors have three objectives. First, they explore the current state of the telecommunications industry, paying special attention to current trends, mergers, and new company business models. Second, they use a standardized methodology to examine the topological structure of the US commercial Internet and the resulting differences in city accessibility. Third, this methodology is put to the test by an exploration of an empirical database of 41 network providers in the United States. Results suggest that significant changes in city accessibility to the commercial Internet occurred between 1997 and 2000.

scholarly journals The end of the (forensic science) world as we know it? The example of trace evidence

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1674) ◽  
pp. 20140260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Roux ◽  
Benjamin Talbot-Wright ◽  
James Robertson ◽  
Frank Crispino ◽  
Olivier Ribaux
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Business Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Trace Evidence ◽  
The Us ◽  
Future Challenges

The dominant conception of forensic science as a patchwork of disciplines primarily assisting the criminal justice system (i.e. forensics) is in crisis or at least shows a series of anomalies and serious limitations. In recent years, symptoms of the crisis have been discussed in a number of reports by various commentators, without a doubt epitomized by the 2009 report by the US National Academies of Sciences (NAS 2009 Strengthening forensic science in the United States: a path forward). Although needed, but viewed as the solution to these drawbacks, the almost generalized adoption of stricter business models in forensic science casework compounded with ever-increasing normative and compliance processes not only place additional pressures on a discipline that already appears in difficulty, but also induce more fragmentation of the different forensic science tasks, a tenet many times denounced by the same NAS report and other similar reviews. One may ask whether these issues are not simply the result of an unfit paradigm. If this is the case, the current problems faced by forensic science may indicate future significant changes for the discipline. To facilitate broader discussion this presentation focuses on trace evidence, an area that is seminal to forensic science both for epistemological and historical reasons. There is, however, little doubt that this area is currently under siege worldwide. Current and future challenges faced by trace evidence are discussed along with some possible answers. The current situation ultimately presents some significant opportunities to re-invent not only trace evidence but also forensic science. Ultimately, a distinctive, more robust and more reliable science may emerge through rethinking the forensics paradigm built on specialisms, revisiting fundamental forensic science principles and adapting them to the twenty-first century.

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