Autobiographical recall of a stressful negative event in veterans with PTSD

Recent theory and research have drawn attention to interpersonal dimensions of emotion regulation. Yet, few empirical investigations of the outcomes of interpersonal emotion regulation have been conducted. We propose that one negative affective outcome of received interpersonal emotion regulation of conceptual and practical interest is shame. In the present series of studies, participants from six, disparate samples were asked to report on experiences of receiving interpersonal emotion regulation using autobiographical recall and ecological sampling paradigms (total analyzed n = 1868; total analyzed k = 2515 instances of receiving interpersonal emotion regulation). We sought to quantify the frequency and distinctiveness of shame as an outcome of receiving interpersonal emotion regulation. We used an exploratory-confirmatory approach to identify robust and generalizable correlates of shame. We considered individual (e.g., trait external shame-proneness), situational (e.g., desire for regulation), relational (e.g., perceived closeness with the provider) and interaction-specific (e.g., perceptions of provider hostility) variables. Our results indicate that it is not uncommon for people to experience receiving interpersonal emotion regulation as shame-inducing, and these perceptions are distinct from their evaluations of the overall effectiveness of the interaction. The most robust correlates of shame across studies and samples were interaction-specific ratings of responsiveness and hostility, which were negatively and positively correlated with shame, respectively. We discuss the conceptual, methodological, and practical implications of these findings for studying interpersonal emotion regulation and shame.

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How Will You Regulate My Emotions?: A Multistudy Investigation of Dimensions and Outcomes of Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Interactions

10.31234/osf.io/39eq4 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Benjamin Swerdlow ◽

Sheri Johnson

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Daily Diary ◽

Perceived Benefits ◽

Four Dimensions ◽

Provider Behavior ◽

Diary Studies ◽

Wide Range ◽

Autobiographical Recall ◽

Interpersonal Emotion Regulation ◽

Daily Diary Studies

Recent conceptual and empirical advances have directed attention toward interpersonal emotion regulation (IER). We conducted a series of autobiographical recall and daily diary studies to investigate a wide range of provider behaviors conveyed during IER interactions, ascertain the number of dimensions required to capture these behaviors, and then to examine associations of those dimensions with the outcomes of IER interactions. To do so, we created a new questionnaire, the Interpersonal Regulation Interaction Scale (IRIS), which can be used to obtain recipients’ ratings of providers’ behaviors within an IER interaction. In Study 1 (n = 390), an exploratory factor analysis of the IRIS yielded four dimensions, which we labeled responsiveness, hostility, cognitive support, and physical presence. Each dimension was uniquely associated with the perceived benefits of receiving IER. In Studies 2-4 (199-895), we collected multiple, diverse samples and found support for the replicability and generalizability of key findings from Study 1, including the factor structure and associations with perceived benefits. Finally, in Study 5, we examined concurrent (i.e., same-day) and prospective (i.e., next-day) associations between ratings of IER provider behaviors and a broader array of psychosocial outcomes using a daily diary approach. Across studies, our findings suggest that the outcomes of IER interactions are tied to the contents of IER interactions as reflected in the dimensions of provider behavior measured by the IRIS, with evidence that each of these dimensions convey unique information relevant to outcomes.

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Direct cortical stimulation of human posteromedial cortex

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000003607 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 88 (7) ◽

pp. 685-691 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Brett L. Foster ◽

Josef Parvizi

Keyword(s):

Subjective Experience ◽

Human Cognition ◽

Intracranial Eeg ◽

Autobiographical Recall ◽

Electric Brain Stimulation ◽

Intracranial Electrodes ◽

Intracranial Recordings ◽

The Brain ◽

Epilepsy Monitoring ◽

Human Awareness

Background:The posteromedial cortex (PMC) is a collective term for an anatomically heterogeneous area of the brain constituting a core node of the human default mode network (DMN), which is engaged during internally focused subjective cognition such as autobiographical memory.Methods:We explored the effects of causal perturbations of PMC with direct electric brain stimulation (EBS) during presurgical epilepsy monitoring with intracranial EEG electrodes.Results:Data were collected from 885 stimulations in 25 patients implanted with intracranial electrodes across the PMC. While EBS of regions immediately dorsal or ventral to the PMC reliably produced somatomotor or visual effects, respectively, we found no observable behavioral or subjectively reported effects when sites within the boundaries of PMC were electrically perturbed. In each patient, null effects of PMC stimulation were observed for sites in which intracranial recordings had clearly demonstrated electrophysiologic responses during autobiographical recall.Conclusions:Direct electric modulation of the human PMC produced null effects when standard functional mapping methods were used. More sophisticated stimulation paradigms (e.g., EBS during experimental cognitive tests) will be required for testing the causal contribution of PMC to human cognition and subjective experience. Nonetheless, our findings suggest that some extant theories of PMC and DMN contribution to human awareness and subjective conscious states require cautious re-examination.

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Measurement of Autobiographical Recall

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1997.84.1.34 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 84 (1) ◽

pp. 34-34

Author(s):

Richard T. White

Keyword(s):

Visual Imagery ◽

Autobiographical Recall ◽

Method Of Assessment

The finding by Huffman and Weaver (1996) of no support for the hypothesis that personal episodic recall involves visual imagery may be a consequence of their method of assessment. Further research which employs more measures than simply number of events recalled and which gives subjects longer time to respond is needed.

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