Terrigenous Clay Deposition on Estuarine Sandflats: Using Stable Isotopes to Determine the Role of the Mud Crab,Helice CrassaDana, in the Recovery Process

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gibbs ◽  
S. Thrush ◽  
J. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Mud Crab

Renal NG2-expressing cells have macrophage-like phenotype and facilitate renal recovery after ischemic injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wararat Kittikulsuth ◽  
Daisuke Nakano ◽  
Kento Kitada ◽  
Norio Suzuki ◽  
Masayuki Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Ischemic Injury ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Mannose Receptor ◽  
M2 Macrophage ◽  
Debris Accumulation ◽  
Cellular Debris ◽  
Brain Pericytes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory Cytokine

Pericytes play an important role in the recovery process after ischemic injury of many tissues. Brain pericytes in the peri-infarct area express macrophage markers in response to injury stimuli and are involved in neovascularization. In the kidney, nerve/glial antigen 2 (NG2)+ pericytes have been found to accumulate after renal injury. These accumulated NG2+ cells are not involved in scar formation. However, the role of accumulated NG2+ cells in injured kidneys remains unknown. Here, using a reversible ischemic reperfusion model, we found that renal NG2+ cells were increased in injured kidneys and expressed macrophage markers (CD11b or F4/80) on day 3 after reperfusion. Isolated NG2+ cells from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) kidneys also had phagocytic activity and expressed anti-inflammatory cytokine genes, including mannose receptor and IL-10. These macrophage-like NG2+ cells did not likely differentiate into myofibroblasts because they did not increase α-SMA expression. Intravenous transfusion of renal NG2+ cells isolated from donor mice on day 3 after reperfusion into recipient mice on day 1 after I/R surgery revealed that NG2+ cell-injected mice had lower plasma blood urea nitrogen, reduced KIM-1 mRNA expression, ameliorated renal damage, and reduced cellular debris accumulation than PBS-injected mice on day 5 after reperfusion. In conclusion, these data suggest that renal NG2+ cells have an M2 macrophage-like ability and play a novel role in facilitating the recovery process after renal I/R injury.

Neuroprotective Role of Nutritional Supplementation in Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriya Mishra ◽  
Vikram Jeet Singh ◽  
Pooja A Chawla ◽  
Viney Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Pathological Mechanism ◽  
Injury Recovery

Background: Neurodegenerative disorders belong to different classes of progressive/chronic conditions that affect the peripheral/central nervous system. It has been shown through studies that athletes who play sports involving repeated head trauma and sub-concussive impacts are more likely to experience neurological impairments and neurodegenerative disorders in the long run. Aims: The aim of the current narrative review article is to provide a summary of various nutraceuticals that offer promise in the prevention or management of sports-related injuries, especially concussions and mild traumatic brain injuries. Methods: This article reviews the various potential nutraceutical agents and their possible mechanisms in providing a beneficial effect in the injury recovery process. A thorough survey of the literature was carried out in the relevant databases to identify studies published in recent years. In the present article, we have also highlighted the major neurological disorders along with the associated nutraceutical(s) therapy in the management of disorders. Results: The exact pathological mechanism behind neurodegenerative conditions is complex as well as idiopathic. However, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress as well as intracellular calcium overload are some common reasons responsible for the progression of these neurodegenerative disorders. Owing to the multifaceted effects of nutraceuticals (complementary medicine), these supplements have gained importance as neuroprotective. These diet-based approaches inhibit different pathways in a physiological manner without eliciting adverse effects. Food habits and lifestyle of an individual also affect neurodegeneration. Conclusion: Studies have shown nutraceuticals (such as resveratrol, omega-3-fatty acids) to be efficacious in terms of their neuroprotection against several neurodegenerative disorders and to be used as supplements in the management of traumatic brain injuries. Protection prior to injuries is needed since concussions or sub-concussive impacts may trigger several pathophysiological responses or cascades that can lead to long-term complications associated with CNS. Thus, the use of nutraceuticals as prophylactic treatment for neurological interventions has been proposed.

On the role of sports nutrition in modern sports and society

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
Сергей Валерьевич Штерман ◽  
Михаил Юрьевич Сидоренко ◽  
Юрий Ильич Сидоренко ◽  
Валерий Соломонович Штерман ◽  
Наталья Ивановна Чеботарева
Keyword(s):  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Sports Nutrition ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Motivating Factors ◽  
Team Leaders ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
Improve Health

Спортивное питание в настоящее время - это неразделимый сплав, представляющий на практике реализацию современных достижений спортивной физиологии на основе использования специально разработанных продуктов питания со строго научно обоснованным составом. Цель работы заключалась в оценке распространенности в настоящее время продуктов спортивного питания среди различных групп спортсменов и широких слоев населения; в выявлении основных целей, которые ставят перед собой их потребители; в анализе динамики ассортимента продукции на рынке; в определении мотивирующих факторов, оказывающих влияние на потребление этих продуктов и прогнозирование направлений дальнейшего их развития. Доля спортсменов различного уровня, использующих продукты спортивного питания, в настоящее время в разных странах мира составляет от 48 до 81 %. В качестве основных целей их потребления рассматривается повышение уровня спортивных достижений, укрепление состояния здоровья, ускорение процесса восстановления после тренировок и соревнований, улучшение внешнего вида и снижение вероятности получения спортивных травм. Распространенность, объем потребления и ассортимент продуктов спортивного питания увеличиваются с ростом спортивной квалификации атлетов. По причине того, что индивидуальные спортивные дисциплины предъявляют более жесткие психологические требования к их участникам по сравнению с командными, распространенность спортивного питания среди спортсменов в индивидуальных видах спорта установлена выше, чем в командных. Данные проведенных исследований указывают на настоятельную необходимость, с целью обеспечения эффективности применения спортивного питания и предотвращения возникновения нежелательных побочных последствий, постоянного повышения квалификации спортсменов, тренеров, руководителей команд и сопровождающих их медицинских работников в области теории и практики применения современных продуктов спортивного питания. Sports nutrition nowadays is an indivisible alloy, representing in practice the implementation of modern achievements in sports physiology by using specially developted food products with a strictly scientifically formed composition. The purpose of this article was to assess the prevalence of sports nutrition products among various groups of athletes and general population; identifying the main goals that consumers set for themselves in this case; analyzing of the product dynamics on the market; establishing motivating factors that influence consumers behavior and forecasting directions of further sports nutrition development. The share of athletes of various levels using sports nutrition products in different countris of the world currently estimates from 48 to 81 %. The main goals of their consumption are comsidered to increase the level of athletics performance; improve health; accelerate the recovery process after training and competion; improve appearance and reduce the probability of sports injuries. The prevalence, consuption and variety of sports nutrition products used increase with the growth athletes` sports qualification. Due to the fact that individual sports disciplinces impose more stringent physological requirements on their participants compared to team sports, the prevalence of sports nutrition among athletes in individual sports is higher than in team sports. The data of studies indicate the urgent need, in order to ensure the proper effectiveness of the sports nutrition consumption and to avoid the occurance of undesirable side effects, of the carring out continuous knowledge upgrading of athletes, team leaders and accompaning medical personal in the field of theory and practice of sports nutrition.

scholarly journals The role of stable isotopes in understanding rainfall interception processes: a review

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott T. Allen ◽  
Richard F. Keim ◽  
Holly R. Barnard ◽  
Jeffrey J. McDonnell ◽  
J. Renée Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Rainfall Interception

First-stroke recovery process: The role of family social support

2000 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 881-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evie Tsouna-Hadjis ◽  
Kostas N. Vemmos ◽  
Nikolaos Zakopoulos ◽  
Stamatis Stamatelopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Family Social Support

scholarly journals A Possible Role of Allatostatin C in Inhibiting Ecdysone Biosynthesis Revealed in the Mud Crab Scylla paramamosain

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
An Liu ◽  
Wenyuan Shi ◽  
Dongdong Lin ◽  
Haihui Ye
Keyword(s):  
Scylla Paramamosain ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Methyl Farnesoate ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Negative Effect

C-type allatostatins (C-type ASTs) are a family of structurally related neuropeptides found in a wide range of insects and crustaceans. To date, the C-type allatostatin receptor in crustaceans has not been deorphaned, and little is known about its physiological functions. In this study, we aimed to functionally define a C-type ASTs receptor in the mud crab, Scylla paramamosian. We showed that C-type ASTs receptor can be activated by ScypaAST-C peptide in a dose-independent manner and by ScypaAST-CCC peptide in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 6.683 nM. Subsequently, in vivo and in vitro experiments were performed to investigate the potential roles of ScypaAST-C and ScypaAST-CCC peptides in the regulation of ecdysone (20E) and methyl farnesoate (MF) biosynthesis. The results indicated that ScypaAST-C inhibited biosynthesis of 20E in the Y-organ, whereas ScypaAST-CCC had no effect on the production of 20E. In addition, qRT-PCR showed that both ScypaAST-C and ScypaAST-CCC significantly decreased the level of expression of the MF biosynthetic enzyme gene in the mandibular organ, suggesting that the two neuropeptides have a negative effect on the MF biosynthesis in mandibular organs. In conclusion, this study provided new insight into the physiological roles of AST-C in inhibiting ecdysone biosynthesis. Furthermore, it was revealed that AST-C family peptides might inhibit MF biosynthesis in crustaceans.

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