“The Road to Hell Is Paved With Good Intentions”: A Historical, Theoretical, and Legal Analysis of Zero-Tolerance Weapons Policies in American Schools

This chapter examines the development of open source computer software with specific reference to the political economy of copyleft and the legalities associated with the General Public License (GPL). It will be seen that within the context of computer software development the notion of copyleft provides an important contrast to more traditional uses of copyright. This contrast symbolizes political, economic, and social struggles which are contextualized within this chapter. As the GPL is an important legal embodiment of copyleft, its legalities are preliminarily explored so as to determine its future potential. While there is some scope to further refine the legal strength of the GPL, it will be seen that it remains a strong and subversive legal instrument which will continue to underlie open source initiatives in the years to come.

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Potential Causes of Mass School Shooting Incidents

Handbook of Research on Mass Shootings and Multiple Victim Violence ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-0113-9.ch010 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 176-192

Author(s):

Joseph R. Budd ◽

Jeffrey D. Herron ◽

Renee Sartin

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Zero Tolerance ◽

Gun Violence ◽

Gun Control ◽

School Shooting ◽

Educational Institutions ◽

Zero Tolerance Policy ◽

American Schools ◽

School Incidents

Over the past several years, American educational institutions have seen an increase in gun violence by students. This increase has erupted calls for stricter gun control and larger gun-free zones at institutions of learning. There have been many theories to why American schools have become a place of fear instead of institutions of learning. Some explore the cause of mental illness; some investigate bullying, and a few acknowledge the lack of administrative follow-up on in-school incidents. This chapter will explore the relationships and correlations between the shooter, the victim(s), school zero-tolerance policy and how previous incidents of violence or threats of violence were/are processed in the school systems where these incidents have occurred.

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When Immigration Becomes a Necessity. ROC Immigration Policy – Lessons for Europe

Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej ◽

10.14746/rie.2020.14.10 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 153-165

Author(s):

Anna Potyrała

Keyword(s):

Immigration Policy ◽

Systems Analysis ◽

Zero Tolerance ◽

Legal Analysis ◽

Republic Of China ◽

Eu Member States ◽

Political Studies ◽

Underlying Causes ◽

The Common ◽

The Republic

Migration issues have been at the forefront of international discussions since 2015. They have been considered from the perspective of both human rights and the interests of individual states. The latter seem to have prevailed, leading to a kind of offensive against admittance of third-country nationals. Restrictive regulations introduced into national legislations, combined with reluctance towards international legal initiatives promoting concerted efforts to assist and protect migrants and eliminate the underlying causes of migrations, have resulted in adoption of zero-tolerance immigration policies. In this paper, the author sets out to assess the immigration policy of the Republic of China on Taiwan. Having recognized that its labor shortages cannot be compensated for by internal migration, the country has significantly remodeled its approach to immigration. The answer to the question about the relevance and efficiency of the proposed legal solutions will be used to indicate possible solutions for EU Member States planning to reform the common migration and asylum policies. The analysis uses methods commonly applied in social studies in general, and legal and political studies in particular. While legal analysis and systems analysis are the key research methods, comparative analysis has been used as well.

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Potential Causes of Mass School Shooting Incidents

Research Anthology on School Shootings, Peer Victimization, and Solutions for Building Safer Educational Institutions ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-5360-2.ch009 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 190-206

Author(s):

Joseph R. Budd ◽

Jeffrey Herron ◽

Renee Sartin

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Zero Tolerance ◽

Gun Violence ◽

Gun Control ◽

School Shooting ◽

Educational Institutions ◽

Zero Tolerance Policy ◽

American Schools ◽

School Incidents

Over the past several years, American educational institutions have seen an increase in gun violence by students. This increase has erupted calls for stricter gun control and larger gun-free zones at institutions of learning. There have been many theories to why American schools have become a place of fear instead of institutions of learning. Some explore the cause of mental illness; some investigate bullying, and a few acknowledge the lack of administrative follow-up on in-school incidents. This chapter will explore the relationships and correlations between the shooter, the victim(s), school zero-tolerance policy and how previous incidents of violence or threats of violence were/are processed in the school systems where these incidents have occurred.

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A Socio-Legal Analysis of Canada’s Zero Tolerance for Barbaric Cultural Practices Act

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3664919 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Oluwatosin Fatoyinbo

Keyword(s):

Cultural Practices ◽

Zero Tolerance ◽

Legal Analysis

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Ending the School-to-Prison Pipeline: Perception and Experience with Zero-Tolerance Policies and Interventions to Address Racial Inequality

10.31219/osf.io/cxt8h ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kade-Ann Henry ◽

Robyn Catagnus ◽

Annette Griffith ◽

Yors Garcia

Keyword(s):

Racial Inequality ◽

School Discipline ◽

Zero Tolerance ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

People Of Color ◽

Student Discipline ◽

School Professionals ◽

School To Prison Pipeline ◽

Black Lives Matter ◽

American Schools

This study expands the current research on anti-Black racism and student discipline in schools. It examines perception, experiences, and alternatives of zero-tolerance policies in education, in relation to the call for action by Black Lives Matter at Schools. Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) students are impacted at a disproportionate rate when it comes to school discipline, leading to high, inequitable incarceration rates. However, behavior analysis already has powerful tools and interventions that can stop this ‘school-to-prison pipeline’ effect. A survey of school professionals investigated awareness of adverse outcomes from zero-tolerance policies and the use of effective, behavioral alternatives to exclusionary disciplinary practices. Results confirmed zero-tolerance policies still exist in North American schools, but that school professionals, including behavior analysts, support Black Lives Matter at School’s call to end such practices. Importantly, participants report already having the necessary skills to combat zero-tolerance; however, many still feel uncomfortable or ill-prepared to implement interventions specifically to decrease anti-Black racism in schools.

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Application Of Electron Microscopy To Automotive Finish Defect Analysis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100134892 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 258-259

Author(s):

Martin J. Mahon ◽

Patrick W. Keating ◽

John T. McLaughlin

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Zero Tolerance ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Plant Management ◽

Defect Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

Root Cause ◽

Cutting Out ◽

Foreign Materials ◽

Automotive Finish

Coatings are applied to appliances, instruments and automobiles for a variety of reasons including corrosion protection and enhancement of market value. Automobile finishes are a highly complex blend of polymeric materials which have a definite impact on the eventual ability of a car to sell. Consumers report that the gloss of the finish is one of the major items they look for in an automobile.With the finish being such an important part of the automobile, there is a zero tolerance for paint defects by auto assembly plant management. Owing to the increased complexity of the paint matrix and its inability to be “forgiving” when foreign materials are introduced into a newly applied finish, the analysis of paint defects has taken on unparalleled importance. Scanning electron microscopy with its attendant x-ray analysis capability is the premier method of examining defects and attempting to identify their root cause.Defects are normally examined by cutting out a coupon sized portion of the autobody and viewing in an SEM at various angles.

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Seeking to uncover biology's chemical roots

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences ◽

10.1042/etls20190012 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 435-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Addy Pross

Keyword(s):

Environmental Changes ◽

Biological Systems ◽

Significant Development ◽

The Road ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Systems Chemistry ◽

Biological World ◽

Inanimate Matter ◽

The Origin Of Life ◽

Opening Up

Despite the considerable advances in molecular biology over the past several decades, the nature of the physical–chemical process by which inanimate matter become transformed into simplest life remains elusive. In this review, we describe recent advances in a relatively new area of chemistry, systems chemistry, which attempts to uncover the physical–chemical principles underlying that remarkable transformation. A significant development has been the discovery that within the space of chemical potentiality there exists a largely unexplored kinetic domain which could be termed dynamic kinetic chemistry. Our analysis suggests that all biological systems and associated sub-systems belong to this distinct domain, thereby facilitating the placement of biological systems within a coherent physical/chemical framework. That discovery offers new insights into the origin of life process, as well as opening the door toward the preparation of active materials able to self-heal, adapt to environmental changes, even communicate, mimicking what transpires routinely in the biological world. The road to simplest proto-life appears to be opening up.

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