Our commitment at this time of continuing struggle against oppression and structural inequalities

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Beth Ferholt ◽  
Ivana Guarrasi ◽  
Alfredo Jornet ◽  
Bonnie Nardi ◽  
Antti Rajala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Inequalities

Obstetric Violence in Their Own Words: How Women in Mexico and South Africa Expect, Experience, and Respond to Violence

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122110373
Author(s):  
Vania Smith-Oka ◽  
Sarah E. Rubin ◽  
Lydia Z. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Powerful Method ◽  
Obstetric Violence ◽  
The World ◽  
Core Feature ◽  
Temporal Model ◽  
Women's Stories ◽  
Structural Inequalities

This article, based on ethnographic research in Mexico and South Africa, presents two central arguments about obstetric violence: (a) structural inequalities across diverse global sites are primarily linked to gender and lead to similar patterns of obstetric violence, and (b) ethnography is a powerful method to give voice to women's stories. Connecting these two arguments is a temporal model to understand how women across the world come to expect, experience, and respond to obstetric violence—that is, before, during, and after the encounter. This temporal approach is a core feature of ethnography, which requires long-term immersion and attention to context.

Prostitution is a symptom of structural inequalities

BMJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. k3631
Author(s):  
Fabienne El-Khoury Lesueur
Keyword(s):  
Structural Inequalities

Barriers to Inclusion: Social Roots and Current Concerns

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-44
Author(s):  
Laura Grindstaff
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Bias ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Community Identity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Current Concerns ◽  
Equity And Inclusion ◽  
Formal Rules ◽  
Structural Inequalities

AbstractA working knowledge of the roots of, and barriers to, diversity, equity, and inclusion within organizations is essential to creating a more inclusive community, both in and beyond the academy. Structural inequalities arise and are reproduced at multiple levels simultaneously, each reinforcing the other: socially through interaction, culturally through ideas, values, and representations, and institutionally through formal rules and procedures as well as informally through taken-for-granted norms and practices. This chapter focuses primarily on the socio-cultural and cognitive factors identified by scholars as important barriers to achieving a diverse, inclusive academic community. Identity exclusion, stereotyping, and implicit bias, among other barriers, play a role, and, together with inequitable distribution of opportunities and resources, produce and reproduce racial and gendered inequalities. Identifying barriers to inclusion and understanding how they shape behavior is critical to eliminating them.

Digital Divides and Structural Inequalities

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Apperley ◽  
Kishonna L. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divides ◽  
Structural Inequalities

Entangled Belongings

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 193-213
Author(s):  
Jayne O. Ifekwunigwe
Keyword(s):  
African Diaspora ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Interpretive Paradigm ◽  
Ethnographic Narratives ◽  
Structural Inequalities

Abstract Based on auto/biographical and ethnographic narratives and conceptual theories, this essay explores the Global African Diaspora as a racialised space of belonging for African diasporas in the US, the UK, and – more recently – the clandestine migration zones from Africa to southern Europe. Both approaches are used to illustrate the author’s roots, routes, and detours; an interpretive paradigm highlighting the interconnectedness across time and space of differential African diasporas. The critical analysis interrogates transnational modalities of black and Global African Diasporic kinship, consciousness, and solidarity engendered by shared lived experiences of institutionalised racism, structural inequalities, and violence.

scholarly journals Historical roots of implicit bias in slavery

2019 ◽  
pp. 201818816 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Keith Payne ◽  
Heidi A. Vuletich ◽  
Jazmin L. Brown-Iannuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
Implicit Bias ◽  
Implicit Racial Bias ◽  
Explicit Bias ◽  
Black Residents ◽  
Structural Inequalities

Implicit racial bias remains widespread, even among individuals who explicitly reject prejudice. One reason for the persistence of implicit bias may be that it is maintained through structural and historical inequalities that change slowly. We investigated the historical persistence of implicit bias by comparing modern implicit bias with the proportion of the population enslaved in those counties in 1860. Counties and states more dependent on slavery before the Civil War displayed higher levels of pro-White implicit bias today among White residents and less pro-White bias among Black residents. These associations remained significant after controlling for explicit bias. The association between slave populations and implicit bias was partially explained by measures of structural inequalities. Our results support an interpretation of implicit bias as the cognitive residue of past and present structural inequalities.

scholarly journals ‘No One Learned’: Interpreting a Drugs Crackdown Operation and its Consequences Through The ‘Lens’ of Social Harm

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Mason
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Youth Workers ◽  
Social Harm ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Ethnographic Approach ◽  
Empirical Context ◽  
State Interventions ◽  
Structural Inequalities

AbstractThis article seeks to extend studies of social harm by detailing the ways that harm is interpreted, identified and reflected upon by social actors in a specific empirical context: a drugs crackdown operation in a northern English city. Using a longitudinal ethnographic approach, unique insights are reported both from the time that the operation took place and a point in time five years afterwards. The data offer rich accounts of the immediate, short- and longer-term impacts as interpreted by youth workers and a group of mostly Somali young people (aged 13–19). Social harm, it is argued, offers a useful ‘lens’ through which to critically explore the culpability of well-meaning state interventions in the (re)production of structural inequalities.

scholarly journals Brazil in the Time of Coronavirus

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (Especial) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maite Conde
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Far Right ◽  
The Poor ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Violence ◽  
Laissez Faire ◽  
The Right ◽  
Structural Inequalities

This essay outlines and analyses the spread of the coronavirus in Brazil. In doing so it explores how the pandemic, whilst initially brought into the country by the wealthy elite, has predominantly affected the country’s poor, revealing structural inequalities that encompass class, race and ethnic differences, in which the poor are not afforded the right to live. It additionally examines the response to COVID-19 by the country’s far right president, Jair Messias Bolsonaro, looking at how his laissez faire reaction to the virus builds on a history of violence against the marginalized, especially to the country’s indigenous peoples, that has not just excluded them from the nation state but at times actively and violently eradicated them.

Male prisoners’ vulnerabilities and the ideal victim concept

2018 ◽  
pp. 262-279
Author(s):  
Jennifer Anne ◽  
Sloan Rainbow
Keyword(s):  
Structural Violence ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Male Prisoners ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Structural Inequalities

Men in prison are often seen as the creators of victims and are positioned completely in opposition to the 'ideal victim'. Yet many prisoners are actually victims themselves, in their past, present and future lives, physically, mentally and emotionally. Whilst this does not sit well with feminist positions of offender blaming and punishment, it is necessary that we confront male victimisation and vulnerabilities in prisons in order to reduce future offending and harm that results from the vulnerable positionality. Drawn from interviews conducted as part of an ethnographic study, this chapter examines the vulnerabilities of men in prison and the unseen victimisation processes that they undergo. Male prisoners may, in many cases, be victims of the socio-structural inequalities and class based ‘structural violence’ which Christie (1986: 24) highlighted; however, in addressing the subjective identities occupied by these ‘non-ideal’ victims, a greater understanding of the truths and experiences of the ‘non-ideal’ offender is provided.

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