scholarly journals Recognition of Orthographic Structure during Beginning Reading

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Leslie ◽  
Albert J. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Letter Recognition ◽  
Orthographic Knowledge ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chance Performance ◽  
Recognition Ability

The development of knowledge of orthographic structure among beginning readers was examined by testing their ability to discern which word in a pair looked most like a word. One hundred forty-five children in preschool, kindergarten, first and second grades were given three tasks measuring knowledge of orthographic structure and tests of letter, numeral and word recognition on two occasions six months apart. One orthographic task assessed the knowledge that words did not contain numbers; another assessed knowledge that certain consonant clusters do not occur in English. Results showed that word-recognition ability, rather than grade level, correlated highly (.80) with orthographic knowledge. Letter recognition correlated (.66) with knowledge that words do not contain numbers. The results of a discriminant-function analysis indicated an early second-grade level of word recognition predicted above-chance performance on the third orthographic task. The results were discussed in relation to an interactive-compensatory model of reading.

scholarly journals The Use of Orthographic Knowledge in Beginning Reading

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Leslie ◽  
Brenda Thimke
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Recognition Test ◽  
Second Graders ◽  
Beginning Reading ◽  
Orthographic Knowledge ◽  
Search Tasks ◽  
Recognition Ability ◽  
Word Search ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between word recognition ability, knowledge of orthographic structures, and use of orthographic knowledge in word recognition. Fifty-six first and second graders were administered a word recognition test, two tests of orthographic knowledge, and two search tasks. The results indicated that when searching for multiple word targets children with word recognition levels of less than 2–2 searched similarly through all fields, whereas children with word recognition levels of 2–2+ searched faster through pseudowords and nonwords than through words. When searching for members of a category, children with word recognition levels below 2–1 searched faster through nonwords and pseudowords than through words providing no evidence for the use of orthography in word search. Children with word recognition levels above 2–1 searched faster through nonwords than through pseudowords and words, demonstrating a generalized effect of orthographic structure.

scholarly journals Assessing Low-level Cognitive Processes of Word Recognition

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Michael Holsworth ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Word Recognition ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Orthographic Knowledge ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Phonological Knowledge ◽  
Recognition Ability ◽  
High Level

A fundamental skill required for vocabulary development is word recognition ability. According to Perfetti (1985), word recognition ability relies on low-level cognitive processing skill to be automatic and efficient in order for cognitive resources to be allocated to high-level processes such as inferencing and schemata activation needed for reading comprehension. The low-level processes include orthographic knowledge, semantic knowledge, and phonological awareness. These low-level processes must be efficient, fluent, and automatic in second language readers in order for them to achieve the ultimate goal of reading comprehension. This article briefly describes the concept of word recognition, its relation to vocabulary, and three tests that were designed to measure the three components of word recognition (orthographic, semantic, and phonological knowledge) in a longitudinal study that investigated the effects of word recognition training on reading comprehension.

Reflections and Symmetrya–a Second-Grade Miniunit

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Ernest Woodward ◽  
Patsy G. Buckner
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Second Graders ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Group Of Seven ◽  
The Third ◽  
Below Grade Level ◽  
Fort Campbell

At Marshall Elementary School, Fort Campbell, Kentucky, students are assigned to small groups for instruction on specific mathematics topics. Assignments to these groups are made on the basis of when students are “ready” for a particular topic. The five-day mini unit described in this article was taught to a group of seven second graders and one third grader. The second graders were slightly above grade level and the third grader was slightly below grade level.

Relation of Visual-Motor Skills and Reading Achievement in Primary-Grade Pupils of Superior Ability

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. C. Chang ◽  
Vivian A. C. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Primary Grade ◽  
Third Grade ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
The Third ◽  
Visual Motor ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Second and third grade pupils ( ns = 23, 27, 24, 26) of superior intelligence were dichotomized into subgroups on the basis of visual-motor development as measured by the Bender-Gestalt. Bender and WISC scores were significantly correlated with reading at the second grade level but not at the third grade. The relationship of reading to visual-motor development and the learning of other skills to read for this type of pupil is suggested.

Effects of Phonological Decoding Training on Children's Word Recognition of CVC, CV, and VC Structures

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenyatta O. Rivers ◽  
Linda J. Lombardino ◽  
Cynthia K. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Group Training ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Multiple Baseline Design ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Phonological Decoding ◽  
The Third ◽  
Letter Sound

The effects of training in letter-sound correspondences and phonemic decoding (segmenting and blending skills) on three kindergartners' word recognition abilities were examined using a single-subject multiple-baseline design across behaviors and subjects. Whereas CVC pseudowords were trained, generalization to untrained CVC pseudowords, untrained CVC real words, untrained CV and VC pseudowords, and untrained CV and VC real words were assessed. Generalization occurred to all of the untrained constructions for two of the three subjects. The third subject did not show the same degree of generalization to VC pseudowords and real words; however, after three training sessions, this subject read all VC constructions with 100% accuracy. Findings are consistent with group training studies that have shown the benefits of decoding training on word recognition and spelling skills and with studies that have demonstrated the effects of generalization to less complex structures when more complex structures are trained.

Diagnoses Generated by Numerical Taxonomic Methods Applied to Standard Blood Variables

1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
L. A. Abbott ◽  
J. B. Mitton
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Infectious Hepatitis ◽  
Components Analysis

Data taken from the blood of 262 patients diagnosed for malabsorption, elective cholecystectomy, acute cholecystitis, infectious hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, or chronic renal disease were analyzed with three numerical taxonomy (NT) methods : cluster analysis, principal components analysis, and discriminant function analysis. Principal components analysis revealed discrete clusters of patients suffering from chronic renal disease, liver cirrhosis, and infectious hepatitis, which could be displayed by NT clustering as well as by plotting, but other disease groups were poorly defined. Sharper resolution of the same disease groups was attained by discriminant function analysis.

scholarly journals Description of Echolocation Call Parameters for Urban Bats in Vietnam as a Step Towards a More Integrated Acoustic Monitoring of Urban Wildlife in Southeast Asia

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Long Kim Pham ◽  
Bang Van Tran ◽  
Quy Tan Le ◽  
Trung Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Christian C. Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Echolocation Call ◽  
Echolocation Calls ◽  
Pilot Work ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

This study is the first step towards more systematic monitoring of urban bat fauna in Vietnam and other Southeast Asian countries by collecting bat echolocation call parameters in Ho Chi Minh and Tra Vinh cities. We captured urban bats and then recorded echolocation calls after releasing in a tent. Additional bat’s echolocation calls from the free-flying bats were recorded at the site where we captured bat. We used the obtained echolocation call parameters for a discriminant function analysis to test the accuracy of classifying these species based on their echolocation call parameters. Data from this pilot work revealed a low level of diversity for the studied bat assemblages. Additionally, the discriminant function analysis successfully classified bats to four bat species with an accuracy of >87.4%. On average, species assignments were correct for all calls from Taphozous melanopogon (100% success rate), for 70% of calls from Pipistrellus javanicus, for 80.8% of calls from Myotis hasseltii and 67.3% of calls from Scotophilus kuhlii. Our study comprises the first quantitative description of echolocation call parameters for urban bats of Vietnam. The success in classifying urban bats based on their echolocation call parameters provides a promising baseline for monitoring the effect of urbanization on bat assemblages in Vietnam and potentially also other Southeast Asian countries.

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