scholarly journals Effect of Phoneme Awareness Instruction on Kindergarten Children's Invented Spelling

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darlene M. Tangel ◽  
Benita A. Blachman
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Phoneme Awareness ◽  
Invented Spelling ◽  
Phoneme Segmentation ◽  
Developmental Spelling ◽  
Spelling Test ◽  
Letter Names ◽  
Letter Sound ◽  
City Schools

The purpose of this study was to determine if children trained in phoneme awareness in kindergarten would differ in invented spelling from children who did not have this training. A reliable scoring system was created to evaluate the invented spelling of the kindergarten children. The children were selected from 18, all-day kindergartens in four, demographically comparable low-income, inner-city schools. Prior to the intervention, the 77 treatment children and the 72 control children did not differ in age, sex, race, PPVT-R, phoneme segmentation, letter name and letter sound knowledge, or word recognition. During March, April, and May of the kindergarten year, treatment children participated in an 11-week phoneme awareness intervention that included instruction in letter names and sounds. After the intervention, the treatment children significantly outperformed the control children in phoneme segmentation, letter name and sound knowledge, and reading phonetically regular words and nonwords. Of primary interest in this study is the fact that the treatment children produced invented spellings that were rated developmentally superior to those of the control children. The 7-point scale created for scoring the developmental spelling test was found to be highly reliable using either correlation ( r = .98) or percent of agreement (93%).

scholarly journals Effect of Phoneme Awareness Instruction on the Invented Spelling of First-Grade Children: A one-year Follow-Up

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darlene M. Tangel ◽  
Benita A. Blachman
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Reading Program ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Phoneme Awareness ◽  
Invented Spelling ◽  
Second Year ◽  
One Year

In an earlier study (Tangel & Blachman, 1992), low-income, inner-city children who received 11 weeks of instruction in kindergarten in phoneme awareness produced invented spellings at the end of kindergarten that were rated developmentally superior to those of control children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the invented and standard spelling of these same children in February and May of first grade. During first grade, the treatment children participated in a reading program that continued to emphasize phoneme awareness and the alphabetic code. In February of first grade and May of first grade (the end of the second year of the study), treatment children significantly outperformed the control children on measures of invented and standard spelling. A reliable scoring system had been created to evaluate the invented spelling of the kindergarten children (Tangel & Blachman, 1992). For this study, the scoring system was expanded to evaluate later developing spelling patterns. As with the original scale, the expanded scale was found to be highly reliable using either correlation or percent of agreement. In addition, a reliable scoring system was developed to rate the developmental sophistication of responses (e.g., allowing partial credit for phonetically correct responses) on a measure of standard spelling.

Hong Kong Chinese Kindergartners Learn to Read English Analytically

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine McBride-Chang ◽  
Rebecca Treiman
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Hong Kong Chinese ◽  
Language Background ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
Hong Kong Chinese Children ◽  
Letter Names ◽  
Method Of Instruction ◽  
Letter Sound ◽  
Sound Condition

We examined the extent to which young Hong Kong Chinese children, taught to read English as a second language via a logographic “look and say” method, used information about letter names and letter sounds to learn English words. Forty children from each of three kindergarten grade levels (mean ages 3.8, 5.0, and 5.9 years old, respectively) were taught to pronounce novel English spellings that were based on letter-name (e.g., DK = Deke), letter-sound (DK = Dick), or visual (DK = Jean) cues. By the 2nd year of kindergarten, children performed significantly better in the name condition than the other conditions. The 3rd-year kindergartners performed better in the sound condition than the visual condition as well. The results point to the importance of letter-name and letter-sound knowledge for learning to read English, regardless of native-language background or method of instruction.

scholarly journals An Investigation of Task Requirements Associated with the Invented Spellings of 4-Year-Olds with above Average Intelligence

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne M. Burns ◽  
Donald J. Richgels
Keyword(s):  
Word Reading ◽  
Reading Proficiency ◽  
Invented Spelling ◽  
Spelling Test ◽  
Phonological Knowledge ◽  
Spelling Ability ◽  
Task Requirements ◽  
Concepts About Print ◽  
Word Writing ◽  
Letter Sound

This study examined whether conscious use of phonological knowledge is associated with invented spelling and whether a relation exists between invented spelling and reading. Thirty-two 4-year-olds with scores of 116 or higher on the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test were classified as Non-spellers and Inventive Spellers based on their spellings of 10 words on the Invented Spelling Test. All subjects were administered 11 different tasks which examined alphabet knowledge, word segmentation, sound/letter association, and reading knowledge. Results indicated that all subjects displayed a similar ability when required to recite the alphabet, recognize uppercase letter names, segment words into syllables, and identify basic concepts about print. Inventive Spellers demonstrated superiority at letter/sound identification and segmentation of words by phonemes. Although significant differences were observed between Non-spellers and Inventive Spellers on wordknowledge tasks, dramatic differences among Inventive Spellers were evident. Forty-four percent of the Inventive Spellers were found to be Proficient Word Readers whereas the remaining 56% displayed reading proficiency at a similar level as the Non-spellers. A relation was found between spelling ability and conscious use of phonological knowledge; however, word reading appeared to be a related (but separate) ability from word writing.

Stability of Kindergarten Children's Career Aspirations

1991 ◽  
Vol 68 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1378-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashton D. Trice ◽  
Robert King
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Career Choice ◽  
Career Aspirations ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Lower Stability ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Inner City Schools ◽  
City Schools

211 kindergarten children were interviewed in September and again in May concerning their career aspirations. On both occasions the interviewer asked for a first career choice; if something other than a real job was given, the interviewer asked for a second choice. During the September interview, 74% supplied a “real” career as their first choice and 10% gave real career responses as a second choice. Eight months later, 89% gave real careers as a first choice. Of those giving a real career response on the first occasion 46% chose the same occupation at the second interview, suggesting that kindergarten children have realistic career aspirations, and these aspirations are stable. Nonreal career aspirations appear to diminish during this period. Children from inner city schools had higher rates of nonreal responses and lower stability of choice than other groups.

Reading Readiness Test For Kindergarten Children

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kee Jiar Yeo ◽  
Othman Md. Johan
Keyword(s):  
Listening Comprehension ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Reading Readiness ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Sight Words ◽  
Learning To Read ◽  
Reading Key ◽  
Letter Sound

Belajar membaca ialah suatu proses perkembangan yang berlaku secara berterusan dan kesediaan merupakan konsep yang wujud dalam pelbagai peringkat belajar membaca tersebut. Kesediaan membaca pula biasanya dikatakan sebagai peringkat paling awal dalam kemahiran membaca secara tidak formal yang membabitkan kanak-kanak. Kesediaan membaca melibatkan tret asas umum yang dapat membantu kanak–kanak memulakan alam akademiknya tanpa banyak menghadapi masalah. Sebagai usaha mengkaji kebolehan aspek kognitif dalam kemahiran membaca, ujian kesediaan membaca dalam bahasa Melayu telah dibangunkan. Ujian ini merangkumi enam aspek, iaitu diskriminasi visual, kesedaran fonologi, huruf dan hubungan huruf–bunyi, melengkapkan ayat berpandukan huruf, kata pandang–sebut, dan pemahaman lisan. Ujian ini telah diberikan kepada 130 orang kanak–kanak tadika yang dipilih secara rawak daripada enam buah tadika untuk menentukan kestabilan psikometrik ujian tersebut. Analisis uji–uji semula yang dijalankan menunjukkan bahawa ujian yang dibangunkan mempunyai kebolehpercayaan yang agak tinggi, iaitu lebih daripada 0.80, justeru menunjukkan kegunaan pragmatis ujian ini. Diharapkan ujian ini dapat membantu pihak tadika dalam mengenal pasti kanak–kanak yang memerlukan penumpuan khusus dalam proses pembelajaran merkea, terutamanya dalam aspek membaca. Kata kunci: Kesediaan; kesediaan membaca; ujian kesediaan membaca Learning to read is an on–going developmental process and readiness is just a concept in the various stages of learning to read. Reading readiness is often referred as the earliest stage of informal reading skills that involve young children. It is the basic common traits which would help a child to begin his academic endeavour without much difficulties. To study the ability of cognitive aspect on reading, a reading readiness test in bahasa Melayu was developed. This test consists of six aspects, namely visual discrimination, phonological awareness, letter and letter–sound relationship, aural cloze with letter, sight words, and listening comprehension. This test was given to 130 kindergarten children randomly selected from six kindergartens to determine its psychometric stability. A test–retest analysis shows that the test has a fairly high reliability of more than 0.80, hence suggests its pragmatic utility. It is hoped that the test would enable kindergarten authority in identifying students who need special attention in their learning process, specifically in reading. Key words: Readiness; reading readiness; reading readiness test

Phoneme awareness span: A neglected dimension of phonemic awareness

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Munro
Keyword(s):  
Phonemic Awareness ◽  
Phoneme Awareness ◽  
Sound Recognition ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Developmental Trend ◽  
Phoneme Segmentation ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
Phonological Knowledge ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Level Performance

AbstractThe importance of phonemic awareness knowledge in learning to be literate his wellestablished. One dimension of its acquisition, the developmental trend from an implicit awareness of rimes to an explicit awareness of phonemes, has attracted substantial interest.A second dimension, a trend in the amount of phonemic knowledge that can be manipulated, or phonemic awareness span, is examined in the present study. One hundred and sixty children from Preparatory (Prep) to Grade 3 completed five phonological tasks: rhyming, onset-rime segmentation, initial sound recognition, phoneme segmentation, and phoneme substitution. Each task involved words ranging in length from three to five phonemes. Phoneme segmentation and substitution tasks involved words with six phonemes. Over this grade range, phonemic length influenced performance for each task. The nature of the influence varied with grade level; performance for the developmentally simpler tasks was affected at the lower grade levels, whereas the more complex tasks were affected at the higher grades. These trends supported gradual differentiation of phonological knowledge into a network of phonemic units. There are implications for dyslexia subtyping, for reading disabilities diagnosis, and for instructional design.

Orthographic Analogy Training with Kindergarten Children: Effects on Analogy Use, Phonemic Segmentation, and Letter-Sound Knowledge

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margareth E. Peterson ◽  
Leonard P. Haines
Keyword(s):  
Word Reading ◽  
Beginning Reading ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Letter Sound ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Orthographic Analogy

This study investigated the effect of teaching children orthographic analogies based on onset and rime units (words that rhyme). Forty-eight kindergarten children were selected for the study and classified as high, middle, or low segmenters based on their performance on the Test of Awareness of Language Segments (TALS) (Sawyer, 1987). Pretraining and posttraining measures consisted of segmentation ability, letter-sound knowledge, and reading words by analogy. Although the experimental group showed significant gains on each measure over no-training controls, analogy training affected children differently depending upon their prior segmentation level. Low segmenters gained most in segmentation ability with small, but significant, effects in letter-sound knowledge. Middle and high segmenters showed greatest improvement in their ability to perform the word reading by analogy task and in their letter-sound knowledge. This study provides support for a role for onset and rime units in beginning reading and may indicate how rhymes contribute to children's awareness of phonemes.

Letter names, letter sounds and phonological awareness: an examination of kindergarten children across letters and of letters across children

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 959-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Evans ◽  
Michelle Bell ◽  
Deborah Shaw ◽  
Shelley Moretti ◽  
Jodi Page
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Letter Sounds ◽  
Letter Names
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