Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Studies on Sel-Plex®, a Standardized, Registered High-selenium Yeast

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 465-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Griffiths ◽  
Ray A. Matulka ◽  
Ronan Power
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Selenium Yeast ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Selenized Yeast

Selenium has been recognized as an essential nutrient for human health; however, its bioavailability is primarily dependent upon the type of selenium, elemental versus organic. In geographic areas low in selenium, there is the potential for animals (including humans) to become selenium deficient and this potential deficiency can be remedied by consumption of exogenous selenium, including selenium-enriched yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that contains high levels of organic selenium (e.g., selenized yeast). The present studies were conducted to investigate potential oral toxicity of a unique selenized yeast preparation (Sel-Plex®) when administered to (1) adult female CHS Swiss mice ICo:OFI (IOPS Caw); (2) adult female CHS Sprague-Dawley rats; and (3) adult male and female Sprague-Dawley CD rats. For the 28- and 90-day toxicity studies, (1) adult male and female Sprague-Dawley CRL:CD® (SD) IGS BR strain rats and (2) adult male and female 6- to 7-month-old Beagle dogs were used. The LD50 for mice was ® ≥2000 mg Sel-Plex® /kg (≥4.06 mg Se/kg) and for rats, was greater ® than ≥2000 mg Sel-Plex® /kg (≥4.06 mg Se/kg). In the two 28-day studies, for rats, the no observed adverse effects level (NOAEL) was 50 mg Sel-Plex®/kg/day (0.1 mg Se/kg/day), and for the dogs, the NOAEL was 22.5 mg Sel-Plex®/kg/day (0.045 mg Se/kg/day). For the two 90-day studies, for rats the NOAEL for Sel-Plex® was 114 mg/kg/day (0.23 mg Se/kg/day), and for dogs, the NOAEL was 30 mg Sel-Plex®/kg/day (0.06 mg Se/kg/day): the latter being the NOAEL in the most sensitive species.

Hepatic effects of a highly purified PCB 180 in adult male and female Sprague–Dawley rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. S39-S40
Author(s):  
Robert Roos ◽  
Patrik Andersson ◽  
Päivi Heikkinen ◽  
Hans-Joachim Schmitz ◽  
Leo van der Ven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Are the monophlebid genera Drosichoides Morrison and Buchnericoccus Reyne synonyms? (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Monophlebidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4497 (2) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
BO-WEN WU ◽  
SAN-AN WU
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Male And Female

The morphology of the adult male of Drosichoides ?haematoptera (Cockerell) is redescribed and illustrated and the adult female of Buchnericoccus sp. (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae) is also described and illustrated. These male and female specimens perhaps are conspecific. Genus Buchericoccus Reyne may be a junior synonym of genus Drosichoides Morrison. 

scholarly journals Acute oral toxicity studies of Swietenia macrophylla seeds in Sprague Dawley rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
MallikarjunaRao Pichika ◽  
MadhuKatyayani Balijepalli ◽  
Velan Suppaiah ◽  
An-me Chin ◽  
AyubaSunday Buru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Swietenia Macrophylla ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

scholarly journals Patterns of Victimization Among Male and Female Inmates: Evidence of an Enduring Legacy

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Wolff ◽  
Jing Shi ◽  
Jane A. Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Random Sample ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Childhood Victimization ◽  
Female Inmates ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Physical Data ◽  
Single State ◽  
The Relationship

People inside prison have above-average rates of childhood and adult victimization. Little is known, however, about the relationship between types of victimization inside prison and that experienced in childhood. This article estimates rates of victimization for male and female inmates by type of perpetrator and form of victimization (sexual, physical, either, or both) and their association with types of childhood victimization (sexual or physical). Data for these estimates are based on a random sample of approximately 7,500 inmates housed in 12 adult male prisons and one adult female prison in a single state. The significance of the findings for practice are discussed along with recommendations to improve the health and welfare of people inside prison.

scholarly journals Population status and distribution of Rhesus Macaque, Macaca mulatta, in a moist deciduous forest of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-72
Author(s):  
Habibon Naher ◽  
Shawkat Imam Khan ◽  
Tanvir Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Rhesus Macaque ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Male And Female

A study was conducted on population status and distribution of Rhesus Macaque, Macaca mulatta, in moist deciduous forest of Bangladesh from April to October 2015. Observation was carried out in the Madhupur deciduous forest, Tangail. In total, 248 individuals belonging to 11 groups were recorded. The group size ranged from 9 to 51 (mean 22.54 ± 11.68) individuals. Among the total population, 48.5% were adults and 51.5% immature animals (sub-adult male, sub-adult female, juvenile and infant). The ratio of adult and immature was 1 : 1.85 and the sex ratio of adult male and female was 1 : 1.49. The groups were 0.77 to 7.47 km (mean 2.5 km ± 2.2, n = 11) apart from each other.Bangladesh J. Zool. 44(1): 61-72, 2016

Morphology and morphometry of the appendicular skeleton of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes)

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 2089-2099 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Bisaillon ◽  
Laszlo DeRoth
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Appendicular Skeleton ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Limb Bones ◽  
Pelvic Limb ◽  
Morphology And Morphometry

The morphological and morphometrical characteristics of the limb bones are studied in 8 adult male and 17 adult female red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Although the appendicular skeleton is similar in structure in both sexes, it is possible to distinguish between male and female animals using some measurements of the pelvic limb bones.

scholarly journals Global cochineal production: scale, welfare concerns, and potential interventions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Male And Female

Between 22B and 89B adult female cochineals are killed per year directly to produce carmine dye, of which between 17B and 71B are wild, and between 4B and 18B are farmed. The farming of cochineal directly causes 4.6T to 21T additional deaths, primarily of male and female cochineal nymphs, and adult male cochineals. The deaths of nymphs are possibly the most painful caused by cochineal production. The vast majority of cochineal is produced in Peru, followed by Mexico and the Canary Islands. Reducing cochineal farming, which accounts for 15% to 25% of the market, would significantly reduce cochineal suffering. Reducing wild cochineal harvesting is unlikely to have any significant effect on cochineal suffering. Accordingly, insect advocates interested in reducing cochineal suffering ought to focus on eliminating cochineal farming specifically, and not necessarily all cochineal harvesting.

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