Pattern Of Infections In Custodial Deaths – A Forensic Autopsy Study

Background: In a country like India, the prisoner cells are not well structured. For instance prisons are known to be a high risk environment for infections like tuberculosis (TB), HIV, HCV, HBV etc. due to overcrowding, low levels of nutrition, poor infection control and lack of accessible healthcare services. This study is an effort to know about the pattern of infections in custodial death cases detected during post mortem examination. Aims and Objectives: To determine the common infections and to know the mortality caused by infections among prisoners in custody, people in police custody and mentally ill patients in mental health institute in Punjab.Methods:This cross sectional study of 100 cases of custodial deaths from 1st Jan 2019 to 4thMay 2021, was carried out in the Forensic Medicine department in collaboration with department of Microbiology, Govt. Medical College, Amritsar.Results:Klebsiella Pneumoniae (37.5%) is more common in age group of 10-30 years while Staphylococcus Aureus (35.9%) infection was more common in the age group of 31 to 50 years. Incidence of positive growth of infections was slightly more in female inmates (76.9%) as compared to the males (75.9%). Inmates from urban area background showed more growth of Staphylococcus Aureus (35.7%) than from rural area background(25%).Conclusions:Timely medical diagnosis and treatment of each prisoner with availability of good doctors are the important issues relating to the healthcare of the individuals in custody.

Gambaran Profil Psikologis Psychopathy Symptoms pada Tahanan Wanita Kasus Korupsi di Lapas Wanita Kelas IIA Sukamiskin Bandung

There are many crimes that happened in this era, which one of them is corruption. Corruption has become a major phenomenon for each country in this world. Even more, it is not only male who doing the corruption, but female also. They were get some money to satisfy themselves although they have to break the law. This phenomenon has attracted researcher to study the female inmates who was doing corruption, and its relation to psychopathic symptom. Three female inmates in Sukamiskin Penitentiary Institute Class IIA – Bandung, who were convicted based on corruption cases, were chosen as subjects of this study. The result showed that all of three female inmates have a tendency to become a Psychopath, but in the low level to middle level tendencies. The three dominant Psychopathic Symptoms that found: pathological lying, lack of remorse or guilt, and short-term marital relationships. It can be summarized and recommended that among 3 subjects need to receive a counseling and/or psychoeducation so they will be more honest in their work setting, and to educate them that its important to have a good relationship to build a harmonious family.

Overcoming methamphetamine withdrawal syndrome through cognitive behavioural therapy in female correctional inmates

Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) approaches have among the highest level of empirical support for drug and alcohol use disorder treatment. The unbearable impact of withdrawal syndrome such as physical related problems, psychological, social and behavioural can take a long-term impact such as affective and anxiety disorder that can lead to depression. CBT as an intervention that improves coping-skill, and strategy to change a maladaptive mindset should be convenient to reduce withdrawal symptoms. The effect of CBT intervention on the severity of the symptoms of methamphetamine withdrawal syndrome is still narrow. This research is aimed to find out the CBT effect on withdrawal symptoms in both qualitative and quantitative methods on female inmates. This research uses a case study design. Data were conducted using Amphetamine Withdrawal Questionnaire (AWQ) before and after CBT intervention. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis presented as distribution frequency on both before and after the intervention and discussed with single case analysis. The result showed that CBT affects reducing withdrawal syndrome symptoms severity after 4 weeks and 4 session intervention. CBT affects decreasing withdrawal syndrome severity level. Based on these findings, the correctional nurse needs to develop comprehensive nursing care by providing CBT on a rehabilitation program to decrease female inmates’ withdrawal syndrome severity level.

Property of Corrections: The Experience of Incarceration for Female Inmates in a New Zealand Prison

<p>This thesis examines what it means to be an inmate as experienced by female inmates serving sentences at Christchurch Women’s Prison. Using an auto-ethnographic methodology, combined with a mixed-methods approach, 82 female inmates completed a questionnaire and 10 were interviewed via semi-structured conversations. The data from the questionnaire are presented and analysed within the context of research from overseas studies. The conversations are further analysed and complemented by my own insider knowledge of prison life. This study was undertaken when I was a serving inmate and I made the decision to situate myself in this body of research. Excerpts from my prison journal entries, consisting of shared personal reflections from my years of imprisonment, are interspersed throughout the thesis. Three primary motivations drove this research. The first was to discover and interrogate what it means to be a prisoner from the prisoner’s perspective. The second was to explore how the prison experience relates to the possibility of future successful reintegration and, finally, I wanted to give women inmates a platform to share their stories in the hope that it would empower them. It achieves all three. The stories that the women shared, and their understandings of lived prison life, illustrate the ineffectiveness of incarceration and its inability to serve as a foundation for successful future reintegration. The findings provide a preliminary platform for further studies in this area and contribute to the extant academic understanding of an often misunderstood population.</p>

Property of Corrections: The Experience of Incarceration for Female Inmates in a New Zealand Prison

<p>This thesis examines what it means to be an inmate as experienced by female inmates serving sentences at Christchurch Women’s Prison. Using an auto-ethnographic methodology, combined with a mixed-methods approach, 82 female inmates completed a questionnaire and 10 were interviewed via semi-structured conversations. The data from the questionnaire are presented and analysed within the context of research from overseas studies. The conversations are further analysed and complemented by my own insider knowledge of prison life. This study was undertaken when I was a serving inmate and I made the decision to situate myself in this body of research. Excerpts from my prison journal entries, consisting of shared personal reflections from my years of imprisonment, are interspersed throughout the thesis. Three primary motivations drove this research. The first was to discover and interrogate what it means to be a prisoner from the prisoner’s perspective. The second was to explore how the prison experience relates to the possibility of future successful reintegration and, finally, I wanted to give women inmates a platform to share their stories in the hope that it would empower them. It achieves all three. The stories that the women shared, and their understandings of lived prison life, illustrate the ineffectiveness of incarceration and its inability to serve as a foundation for successful future reintegration. The findings provide a preliminary platform for further studies in this area and contribute to the extant academic understanding of an often misunderstood population.</p>

Sex Differences in Inmates: Anger, Sensitivity to Provocation and Family History of Imprisonment

Little research has explored the role of aggression, anger, and family history of incarceration as they relate to female offenders. The current study aimed to address this gap in the literature by investigating these possible risk factors for incarceration among both men and women. The survey involved 123 (61 female and 62 male) prisoners convicted for violent crimes and a comparison group of 118 (60 female and 58 male) adults from the community. We found that women (convicted and non-convicted) were more sensitive to provocation than men, while community adults showed higher levels of trait anger than prisoners. Detainees were more likely than community adults to have a relative in prison. Although male and female inmates were equally likely to have a relative in prison, they differed in their relation to the imprisoned relative. Male and female prisoners showed increased risk for incarceration of same sex, first degree relatives (father and brothers for men, and mothers for women). These results may contribute to improved understanding of incarcerated populations. As such, this represents a critical first step in creating recovery programs that are more gender appropriate.

An HIV Narrative of Female Inmates With a Lifetime History of Mental Illness in Durban, South Africa

Introduction: South Africa (SA) has one of the highest prevalence rates of Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) globally, with women carrying a larger burden of the disease. Furthermore, female inmates have higher rates of HIV compared to their male counterparts, with an over-representation of mental illnesses among female inmates as well. Additionally, mental illnesses are highly prevalent in people living with HIV, with HIV and mental illness sharing a complex bidirectional relationship. This study, which forms part of a larger two-phased, mixed-methods study, describes the experiences of contracting and living with/being affected by HIV, among female inmates with a lifetime history of mental illness, in a South African setting.Method: This study was conducted at a correctional centre in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, SA. Fourteen adult (18 years and older) female inmates, were purposively selected to participate in individual, in-depth semi-structured interviews. Participants had a lifetime history of mental illness, trauma and were either living with HIV, or affected by HIV. Women from diverse cultural backgrounds, who were fluent in English, were selected. This manuscript focuses on the description of the HIV component of the qualitative interviews only. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.Results: Themes related to contracting HIV included intimate partner betrayal, gender differences regarding sexual behaviour, fear associated with HIV and the importance of pre- and post-test HIV counselling. Themes related to living with/being affected by HIV included the challenges women experienced in their home community, which contrasted with their experience of living with HIV in the prison community, and the importance of accepting an HIV positive life.Conclusion: HIV is prevalent in the female inmate population at this correctional centre in SA. This study emphasises that whilst incarcerated, attempts should be made to educate, train, support and manage HIV in this population, thereby helping to curb the epidemic. Further research should aim at exploring such strategies. The study also underscores the importance of the continued need for HIV education in order to eradicate associated stigma and discrimination which are still prevalent in SA.

Innovative tracking, active search and follow-up strategies for new leprosy cases in the female prison population

Background Regarding the leprosy transmission through the upper airways, overcrowded locations such as prisons can become a risk to get sick. Like the leprosy hidden endemic demonstrated in male prison population, being interesting to assess the leprosy scene also among confined women. Methods A prospective descriptive study conducted at Female Penitentiary, Brazil. Leprosy Suspicion Questionnaire (LSQ) were applied to the participants, and submitted to specialized dermatoneurological exam, peripheral nerve ultrasonography, and anti-PGL-I serology. Findings 404 female inmates were evaluated, 14 new cases were diagnosed (LG-leprosy group), a new case detection rate (NCDR) of 3.4%, 13 multibacillary, while another 390 constituted the Non-Leprosy group (NLG). Leprosy cases were followed up during multidrug therapy with clinical improvement. The confinement time median was 31 months in LG, similar to NLG, less than the time of leprosy incubation. Regarding LSQ, the neurological symptoms reached the highest x2 values as Q1–numbness (5.6), Q3–anesthetizes areas in the skin (7.5), Q5–Stinging sensation (5.8), and Q7–pain in the nerves (34.7), while Q4-spots on the skin was 4.94. When more than one question were marked in the LSQ means a 12.8-fold higher to have the disease than a subject who marked only one or none. The high 34% rate of anti-PGL-I seropositivity in the penitentiary, higher levels in LG than NLG. Three additional leprosy cases each were diagnosed on the second (n = 66) and third (n = 14) reevaluations 18 and 36 months after the initial one. Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments demonstrated lower limbs (32.2%) more affected than the upper limbs (25%) with improvement during the follow-up. Interpretation The NCDR in this population showed an hidden endemic of leprosy as well as the efficacy of a search action on the part of a specialized team with the aid of the LSQ and anti-PGL-I serology as an auxiliary tracking tools.