Patterns of Victimization Among Male and Female Inmates: Evidence of an Enduring Legacy

People inside prison have above-average rates of childhood and adult victimization. Little is known, however, about the relationship between types of victimization inside prison and that experienced in childhood. This article estimates rates of victimization for male and female inmates by type of perpetrator and form of victimization (sexual, physical, either, or both) and their association with types of childhood victimization (sexual or physical). Data for these estimates are based on a random sample of approximately 7,500 inmates housed in 12 adult male prisons and one adult female prison in a single state. The significance of the findings for practice are discussed along with recommendations to improve the health and welfare of people inside prison.

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Are the monophlebid genera Drosichoides Morrison and Buchnericoccus Reyne synonyms? (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Monophlebidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4497.2.8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4497 (2) ◽

pp. 285

Author(s):

BO-WEN WU ◽

SAN-AN WU

Keyword(s):

Adult Female ◽

Adult Male ◽

Junior Synonym ◽

Male And Female

The morphology of the adult male of Drosichoides ?haematoptera (Cockerell) is redescribed and illustrated and the adult female of Buchnericoccus sp. (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae) is also described and illustrated. These male and female specimens perhaps are conspecific. Genus Buchericoccus Reyne may be a junior synonym of genus Drosichoides Morrison.

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Population status and distribution of Rhesus Macaque, Macaca mulatta, in a moist deciduous forest of Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Zoology ◽

10.3329/bjz.v44i1.30177 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 60-72

Author(s):

Habibon Naher ◽

Shawkat Imam Khan ◽

Tanvir Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Rhesus Macaque ◽

Group Size ◽

Adult Female ◽

Adult Male ◽

Macaca Mulatta ◽

Total Population ◽

Deciduous Forest ◽

Population Status ◽

Male And Female

A study was conducted on population status and distribution of Rhesus Macaque, Macaca mulatta, in moist deciduous forest of Bangladesh from April to October 2015. Observation was carried out in the Madhupur deciduous forest, Tangail. In total, 248 individuals belonging to 11 groups were recorded. The group size ranged from 9 to 51 (mean 22.54 ± 11.68) individuals. Among the total population, 48.5% were adults and 51.5% immature animals (sub-adult male, sub-adult female, juvenile and infant). The ratio of adult and immature was 1 : 1.85 and the sex ratio of adult male and female was 1 : 1.49. The groups were 0.77 to 7.47 km (mean 2.5 km ± 2.2, n = 11) apart from each other.Bangladesh J. Zool. 44(1): 61-72, 2016

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Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Studies on Sel-Plex®, a Standardized, Registered High-selenium Yeast

International Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1080/10915810600959626 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 465-476 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

James C. Griffiths ◽

Ray A. Matulka ◽

Ronan Power

Keyword(s):

Adult Female ◽

Adult Male ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Selenium Yeast ◽

Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Male And Female ◽

Organic Selenium ◽

Toxicity Studies ◽

Selenized Yeast

Selenium has been recognized as an essential nutrient for human health; however, its bioavailability is primarily dependent upon the type of selenium, elemental versus organic. In geographic areas low in selenium, there is the potential for animals (including humans) to become selenium deficient and this potential deficiency can be remedied by consumption of exogenous selenium, including selenium-enriched yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that contains high levels of organic selenium (e.g., selenized yeast). The present studies were conducted to investigate potential oral toxicity of a unique selenized yeast preparation (Sel-Plex®) when administered to (1) adult female CHS Swiss mice ICo:OFI (IOPS Caw); (2) adult female CHS Sprague-Dawley rats; and (3) adult male and female Sprague-Dawley CD rats. For the 28- and 90-day toxicity studies, (1) adult male and female Sprague-Dawley CRL:CD® (SD) IGS BR strain rats and (2) adult male and female 6- to 7-month-old Beagle dogs were used. The LD50 for mice was ® ≥2000 mg Sel-Plex® /kg (≥4.06 mg Se/kg) and for rats, was greater ® than ≥2000 mg Sel-Plex® /kg (≥4.06 mg Se/kg). In the two 28-day studies, for rats, the no observed adverse effects level (NOAEL) was 50 mg Sel-Plex®/kg/day (0.1 mg Se/kg/day), and for the dogs, the NOAEL was 22.5 mg Sel-Plex®/kg/day (0.045 mg Se/kg/day). For the two 90-day studies, for rats the NOAEL for Sel-Plex® was 114 mg/kg/day (0.23 mg Se/kg/day), and for dogs, the NOAEL was 30 mg Sel-Plex®/kg/day (0.06 mg Se/kg/day): the latter being the NOAEL in the most sensitive species.

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Morphology and morphometry of the appendicular skeleton of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z79-276 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 57 (11) ◽

pp. 2089-2099 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

André Bisaillon ◽

Laszlo DeRoth

Keyword(s):

Adult Female ◽

Adult Male ◽

Vulpes Vulpes ◽

Red Fox ◽

Appendicular Skeleton ◽

Red Foxes ◽

Male And Female ◽

Limb Bones ◽

Pelvic Limb ◽

Morphology And Morphometry

The morphological and morphometrical characteristics of the limb bones are studied in 8 adult male and 17 adult female red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Although the appendicular skeleton is similar in structure in both sexes, it is possible to distinguish between male and female animals using some measurements of the pelvic limb bones.

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Global cochineal production: scale, welfare concerns, and potential interventions

10.31219/osf.io/t57w2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abraham Rowe

Keyword(s):

Adult Female ◽

Canary Islands ◽

Adult Male ◽

Production Scale ◽

Male And Female

Between 22B and 89B adult female cochineals are killed per year directly to produce carmine dye, of which between 17B and 71B are wild, and between 4B and 18B are farmed. The farming of cochineal directly causes 4.6T to 21T additional deaths, primarily of male and female cochineal nymphs, and adult male cochineals. The deaths of nymphs are possibly the most painful caused by cochineal production. The vast majority of cochineal is produced in Peru, followed by Mexico and the Canary Islands. Reducing cochineal farming, which accounts for 15% to 25% of the market, would significantly reduce cochineal suffering. Reducing wild cochineal harvesting is unlikely to have any significant effect on cochineal suffering. Accordingly, insect advocates interested in reducing cochineal suffering ought to focus on eliminating cochineal farming specifically, and not necessarily all cochineal harvesting.

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A revision of the genus Gondwanoscurus Jezek (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2169.1.2 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2169 (1) ◽

pp. 21-34

Author(s):

GREGORY R. CURLER

Keyword(s):

Adult Male ◽

Adult Males ◽

Male And Female ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Gondwanoscurus Jezek (Psychodidae: Psychodinae) is revised to include seven species. Gondwanoscurus cruciferus sp. nov. and G. ornithostylus sp. nov. from Thailand are described. Three described species are transferred from Telmatoscopus Eaton to Gondwanoscurus: G. ejundicus (Quate), G. eximius (Quate) and G. praecipuus (Quate). The adult male and female of G. ejundicus and G. mcclurei (Quate) and the adult male of G. eximius and G. praecipuus are redescribed. Keys to adult males of the seven known species and females of the four species for which they are known are provided, and the relationship of Gondwanoscurus to other Paramormiine genera is discussed.

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Deux Asellotes Stygobies des Indes Occidentales: Neostenetroides Stocki n. gen., n. sp., et Stenetrium sp.

Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde ◽

10.1163/26660644-05202011 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 200-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jerry H. Carpenter ◽

Guy J. Magniez

Keyword(s):

Adult Female ◽

Adult Male ◽

Male And Female ◽

San Salvador ◽

San Salvador Island ◽

Subterranean Waters

Description of the adult male and female of Neostenetroides stocki n. gen., n. sp., a new Gnathostenetroididae from cave water in San Salvador Island, Bahamas. Description of a single adult female of Stenetrium sp., a Stenetriidae from littoral hypogean water in Curaçao. The two superfamilies Gnathostenetroidoidea and Stenetrioidea being marine groups, these settlements in insular subterranean waters are noticeable.

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Roosting behaviour of radio-tracked Tasmanian Masked Owls Tyto novaehollandiae castanops

10.20938/afo38013018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 13-18

Author(s):

David Young ◽

◽

Phil Bell ◽

Nick Mooney ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adult Female ◽

Adult Male ◽

Spatial Ecology ◽

Spatial Proximity ◽

Forest Patches ◽

Male And Female ◽

Juvenile Female ◽

The Core ◽

Tree Hollows ◽

Tree Hollow

Roost-sites and roosting behaviour are described for a juvenile female, an adult female and an adult male Tasmanian Masked Owl Tyto novaehollandiae castanops in a forest–farmland landscape. The two female Owls were radiotracked, and frequently used roost-sites in the core area of use. Roost-sites were typically associated with small watercourses, on the edges of large contiguous forest patches within a complex mosaic of forest and pasture. The juvenile Owl used many different vegetation roost-sites after dispersing from her presumed natal territory. In contrast, the adult female used few roosts, including two vegetation roosts and one tree-hollow, and only one roost (a tree-hollow) was located for the adult male. The primary tree-hollow roost-sites of the male and female Owls were <400 m apart and were both <1200 m from a suspected nest-tree. This strongly suggests that the spatial proximity of nest- and roost-sites may be critical to facilitate territorial, foraging and reproductive behaviours of breeding pairs. Increased knowledge of spatial ecology and utilisation of tree-hollows by adult Tasmanian Masked Owls is crucial for their conservation.

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