Slope angle determines the productivity of edible culms of Sasa kurilensis in a northern Japanese forest

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate whether overhang or underhang around the tibial component that occurs during the placement of tibial baseplates was affected by different slope angles of the tibial plateau and determine the changes in the lateral and medial plateau diameters while changing the slope angle in total knee arthroplasty. Three-dimensional tibia models were reconstructed using the computed tomography scans of 120 tibial dry bones. Tibial plateau slope cuts were performed with 9, 7, 5, 3, and 0 degrees of slope angles 2-mm below the subchondral bone in the deepest point of the medial plateau. Total, lateral, and medial tibial plateau areas and overhang/underhang rates were measured at each cut level. Digital implantations of the asymmetric and symmetric tibial baseplates were made on the tibial plateau with each slope angles. Following the implantations, the slope angle that prevents overhang or underhang at the bone border and the slope angle that has more surface area was identified. A significant increase was noted in the total tibial surface area, lateral plateau surface area, and lateral anteroposterior distance, whereas the slope cut angles were changed from 9 to 0 degrees in both gender groups. It was found that the amount of posteromedial underhang and posterolateral overhang increased in both the asymmetric and symmetric tibial baseplates when the slope angle was changed from 0 to 9 degrees. Although the mediolateral diameter did not change after the proximal tibia cuts at different slope angles, the surface area and anteroposterior diameter of the lateral plateau could change, leading to increased lateral plateau area. Although prosthesis designs are highly compatible with the tibial surface area, it should be noted that the component overhangs, especially beyond the posterolateral edge, it can be prevented by changing the slope cut angle in males and females.

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Quasi-Periodic Control Technique for Minimizing Fuel Consumption During Record Vehicle Competition

Archive of Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.2478/meceng-2013-0012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 185-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Paweł Sulikowski ◽

Ryszard Maronski

Keyword(s):

Fuel Consumption ◽

Optimal Control Theory ◽

Slope Angle ◽

Control Technique ◽

Decision Variables ◽

Aeronautical Engineering ◽

The One ◽

Optimal Driving ◽

The Given ◽

Engine Power

The problem of the optimal driving technique during the fuel economy competition is reconsidered. The vehicle is regarded as a particle moving on a trace with a variable slope angle. The fuel consumption is minimized as the vehicle covers the given distance in a given time. It is assumed that the run consists of two recurrent phases: acceleration with a full available engine power and coasting down with the engine turned off. The most fuel-efficient technique for shifting gears during acceleration is found. The decision variables are: the vehicle velocities at which the gears should be shifted, on the one hand, and the vehicle velocities when the engine should be turned on and off, on the other hand. For the data of students’ vehicle representing the Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering it has been found that such driving strategy is more effective in comparison with a constant speed strategy with the engine partly throttled, as well as a strategy resulting from optimal control theory when the engine is still active.

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NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF FLOW BEHAVIOR AND INFLUENCE OF THE REAR SLOPE ANGLE IN AN AHMED’S BODY

10.26678/abcm.encit2020.cit20-0347 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Bernardo Silva da Rocha ◽

charles rech ◽

Maikson Luiz Passaia Tonatto

Keyword(s):

Numerical Analysis ◽

Flow Behavior ◽

Slope Angle

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Characteristics of Breaking Wave Forces on Piles over a Permeable Seabed

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse9050520 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 520

Author(s):

Zhenyu Liu ◽

Zhen Guo ◽

Yuzhe Dou ◽

Fanyu Zeng

Keyword(s):

Wave Breaking ◽

Stokes Equations ◽

Slope Angle ◽

Wave Force ◽

Breaking Waves ◽

Offshore Wind ◽

Secondary Wave ◽

Wave Forces ◽

Breaking Wave ◽

Breaking Wave Forces

Most offshore wind turbines are installed in shallow water and exposed to breaking waves. Previous numerical studies focusing on breaking wave forces generally ignored the seabed permeability. In this paper, a numerical model based on Volume-Averaged Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes equations (VARANS) is employed to reveal the process of a solitary wave interacting with a rigid pile over a permeable slope. Through applying the Forchheimer saturated drag equation, effects of seabed permeability on fluid motions are simulated. The reliability of the present model is verified by comparisons between experimentally obtained data and the numerical results. Further, 190 cases are simulated and the effects of different parameters on breaking wave forces on the pile are studied systematically. Results indicate that over a permeable seabed, the maximum breaking wave forces can occur not only when waves break just before the pile, but also when a “secondary wave wall” slams against the pile, after wave breaking. With the initial wave height increasing, breaking wave forces will increase, but the growth can decrease as the slope angle and permeability increase. For inclined piles around the wave breaking point, the maximum breaking wave force usually occurs with an inclination angle of α = −22.5° or 0°.

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Accelerometer-Based Portable Navigation System Is Useful for Tibial Bone Cutting in Modified Kinematically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty

The Journal of Knee Surgery ◽

10.1055/s-0039-3402481 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Masanori Tsubosaka ◽

Tomoyuki Kamenaga ◽

Yuichi Kuroda ◽

Koji Takayama ◽

Shingo Hashimoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Navigation System ◽

Slope Angle ◽

Posterior Slope ◽

Tibial Bone ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Portable Navigation ◽

Total Knee

AbstractSeveral studies have reported better clinical outcomes following kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty (KA-TKA) than mechanically aligned TKA. Consistent reproduction of a KA-TKA is aided by accurate tibial bone resections using computer navigation systems. This study compares an accelerometer-based portable navigation system with a conventional navigation system on tibial bone resection and clinical outcomes in KA-TKA. This study included 60 knees of patients who underwent primary KA-TKA between May 2015 and September 2017. They were randomly assigned to the OrthoPilot and iASSIST groups. A tibial bone cut was performed with 3 degree varus and 7 degree posterior slope in relation to the mechanical axis in all cases. The tibial component angle (TCA) and posterior slope angle (PSA) were evaluated by postoperative radiography, and those that deviated more than 2 degree were set as outliers. The clinical outcomes were the knee range of motion (ROM) and 2011 Knee Society Score (KSS) evaluated at 1 year postoperation. The groups were compared in terms of the TCA, PSA, number of outliers, ROM, and 2011 KSS (p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of the mean TCA, PSA, number of outliers, ROM, and categories of the 2011 KSS (objective knee indicators, symptoms, satisfaction, expectations, and functional activities). Although tibial bone cuts were performed with 3 degree varus and 7 degree posterior slope, no significant difference was observed between the OrthoPilot and iASSIST groups in terms of the accuracy of cuts or postoperative clinical result. The iASSIST was found to be a simple and useful navigation system for KA-TKA.

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Snow fracture in relation to slab avalanche release: critical state for the onset of crack propagation

The Cryosphere ◽

10.5194/tc-11-217-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 217-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Johan Gaume ◽

Alec van Herwijnen ◽

Guillaume Chambon ◽

Nander Wever ◽

Jürg Schweizer

Keyword(s):

Crack Propagation ◽

Slope Angle ◽

Critical Length ◽

Snow Layer ◽

Critical Crack ◽

Critical Crack Length ◽

New Model ◽

Avalanche Forecasting ◽

Weak Layer ◽

Recent Developments

Abstract. The failure of a weak snow layer buried below cohesive slab layers is a necessary, but insufficient, condition for the release of a dry-snow slab avalanche. The size of the crack in the weak layer must also exceed a critical length to propagate across a slope. In contrast to pioneering shear-based approaches, recent developments account for weak layer collapse and allow for better explaining typical observations of remote triggering from low-angle terrain. However, these new models predict a critical length for crack propagation that is almost independent of slope angle, a rather surprising and counterintuitive result. Based on discrete element simulations we propose a new analytical expression for the critical crack length. This new model reconciles past approaches by considering for the first time the complex interplay between slab elasticity and the mechanical behavior of the weak layer including its structural collapse. The crack begins to propagate when the stress induced by slab loading and deformation at the crack tip exceeds the limit given by the failure envelope of the weak layer. The model can reproduce crack propagation on low-angle terrain and the decrease in critical length with increasing slope angle as modeled in numerical experiments. The good agreement of our new model with extensive field data and the ease of implementation in the snow cover model SNOWPACK opens a promising prospect for improving avalanche forecasting.

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