Quasi-Periodic Control Technique for Minimizing Fuel Consumption During Record Vehicle Competition

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Sulikowski ◽  
Ryszard Maronski
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Optimal Control Theory ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Decision Variables ◽  
Aeronautical Engineering ◽  
The One ◽  
Optimal Driving ◽  
The Given ◽  
Engine Power

The problem of the optimal driving technique during the fuel economy competition is reconsidered. The vehicle is regarded as a particle moving on a trace with a variable slope angle. The fuel consumption is minimized as the vehicle covers the given distance in a given time. It is assumed that the run consists of two recurrent phases: acceleration with a full available engine power and coasting down with the engine turned off. The most fuel-efficient technique for shifting gears during acceleration is found. The decision variables are: the vehicle velocities at which the gears should be shifted, on the one hand, and the vehicle velocities when the engine should be turned on and off, on the other hand. For the data of students’ vehicle representing the Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering it has been found that such driving strategy is more effective in comparison with a constant speed strategy with the engine partly throttled, as well as a strategy resulting from optimal control theory when the engine is still active.

THE EU SUGAR MARKET PROFILE AND ITS MAIN DRIVERS

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubos SMUTKA ◽  
Irena BENEŠOVÁ ◽  
Patrik ROVNÝ ◽  
Renata MATYSIK-PEJAS
Keyword(s):  
Market Failure ◽  
Current System ◽  
Quota System ◽  
Considerable Debate ◽  
Sugar Market ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
Production Capacities ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Eu

Sugar is one of the most important elements in human nutrition. The Common Market Organisation for sugar has been a subject of considerable debate since its establishment in 1968. The European agricultural market has been criticized for its heavy regulations and subsidization. The sugar market is one of the most regulated ones; however, this will change radically in 2017 when the current system of production quotas will end. The current EU sugar market changed is structure during the last several decades. The significant number of companies left the market and EU internal sugar market became more concentrated. The aim of this paper is presentation characteristics of sugar market with respect to the supposed market failure – reduction in competition. The analysis also identifies the main drivers and determinants of the EU especially quota sugar market. In relation to paper’s aim the following results are important. The present conditions of the European sugar market have led to market failure when nearly 75 % (10 million tonnes) of the quota is controlled by five multinational companies only. These multinational alliances (especially German and French one) are also taking control over the production capacities of their subsidiaries. In most countries, this causes serious problems as the given quota is controlled by one or two producers only. This is a significant indicator of market imperfection. The quota system cannot overcome the problem of production quotas on the one hand and the demand on the other; furthermore, it also leads to economic inefficiency. The current EU sugar market is under the control of only Sudzucker, Nordzucker, Pfeifer and Langen, Tereos and ABF.

"THE SYNTHESIS OF WAR AND THEATRE": SOCIO-HUMANITARIAN DISCOURSE ON THE ESSENCE OF TERRORISM

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-23
Author(s):  
Irina V Malygina ◽  
◽  
Anna V Malygina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Terrorism ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
The Status ◽  
World Cultural Heritage ◽  
The One ◽  
Strategic Object ◽  
The Given

The article reveals the heuristic potential of social and humanitarian knowledge in understanding the complex nature of terrorism. The given research optics allows to expand traditional frameworks of considering terrorism as a phenomenon caused by political, ideological and economic factors; to reveal and substantiate deep cultural and mental reasons of the given phenomenon; make sense of terrorism as a destructive form of cultural identity. The cultural and historical origins of modern terrorism, which is closely connected with radical Islam, are analyzed in the civilizational system of coordinates “West–East”. The system of argumentation is based on scientific concepts and current artistic practices that interpret the causes of inter-civilizational tension resulting in international terrorism. The change of the status of the artist in the “epoch of terrorism” is analyzed; the theme of theatricalization and aestheticization of terrorist actions and the role of media in these processes are problematized. As a newest trend, which has not received any serious theoretical reflection, the text considers the phenomenon conditionally designated as “sublimation of terrorist activity into a symbolic sphere”, which is manifested in the destruction of monuments of world cultural heritage, in the orientation to culture as a new strategic object of terrorist attacks, on the one hand, and the use of cultural resources for self-presentation and promotion of their ideology by terrorist organizations, on the other

Influence of Food and Larval Age on the Defensive Chemistry of Satumia pyri

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhold Deml
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Defensive Chemistry ◽  
Crataegus Monogyna ◽  
Secondary Compound ◽  
Influence Of Food ◽  
The One ◽  
The Given

Abstract Scolus secretions and hemolymph of caterpillars of Satumia pyri fed with two different foodplants (Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa) were chemically analyzed and their chemical similarities determined. The secondary-compound patterns obtained for the two body fluids showed no significant differences when compared between the two groups of alterna­ tively fed last-instar larvae. Thus, the composition of these fluids of full-grown caterpillars is not influenced by the larval diet. However, younger larvae on P. spinosa revealed a diversity of compounds differing significantly from that of larger caterpillars fed with either C. mono­gyna (both body fluids) or P. spinosa (hemolymph only). This indicates that, on the one hand, the hemolymph composition is adapted to the changing physiological requirements of the given instars whereas, on the other hand, the defensive mixtures remain unaltered in the late larval instars due to a constant spectrum of potential enemies.

Multidimensional regular C-fraction with independent variables corresponding to formal multiple power series

2019 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 1853-1870 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. Dmytryshyn
Keyword(s):  
Power Series ◽  
Continued Fractions ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Classical Algorithm ◽  
Multiple Power ◽  
The One ◽  
The Given ◽  
Multiple Power Series

AbstractIn the paper the correspondence between a formal multiple power series and a special type of branched continued fractions, the so-called ‘multidimensional regular C-fractions with independent variables’ is analysed providing with an algorithm based upon the classical algorithm and that enables us to compute from the coefficients of the given formal multiple power series, the coefficients of the corresponding multidimensional regular C-fraction with independent variables. A few numerical experiments show, on the one hand, the efficiency of the proposed algorithm and, on the other, the power and feasibility of the method in order to numerically approximate certain multivariable functions from their formal multiple power series.

scholarly journals Kaji Eksperimental Rasio Metanol-Bensin Terhadap Konsumsi Bahan Bakar, Emisi Gas Buang, Torsi Dan Daya

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Mohamad Rifal ◽  
Nazarudin Sinaga
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Emission Power ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
The One

Methanol (CH3OH) is the one of an alternative fuel for SI engine. Methanol has a similiar charakteristic and fisik properties to gasoline. This study using methanol-gasoline fuel blend (M10, M20 and M40). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of using methanol-gasoline fuel blend of  fuel consumption, exhaust emission, power and torque. In the experiment,  an engine three-cylidre 12 valve with tecnology DOHC Mivec and ECI MPI injection System 1193 cc was used. With a little modification that is using methanol controler to maximize the result of research. The experimental result showed that the fuel consumption decrease with the use of methanol-gasoline ful blend. Each of these reductions in fuel consumption for the M10, M20 and M40 are 1 %, 3% dan 3%. The Power and Torque is increas while using fuel blend than gasoline and it also decrease exhaust emission

scholarly journals Rancang Bangun dan Pengujian Penghalang Heliks sebagai Pencampur Udara-Biogas pada Motor Otto

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Herbert Hasudungan Siahaan ◽  
Armansyah H Tambunan ◽  
Desrial ◽  
Soni Solistia Wirawan
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Combustion Reaction ◽  
Otto Cycle ◽  
Direct Use ◽  
Engine Power

A helical barrier as air-biogas mixing device was designed and tested for direct use of biogas from digester in otto cycle generator set. Homogeneity of the air-fuel mixture can give better combustion reaction and increase engine power. The design was based on simulation, which shows that a 0.039 m length of helical barrier gave a 5% increase in power compared to non-helical barrier. Likewise, the simulations also showed that the helical barrier reduced specific fuel consumption (SFC) by 8%. Accordingly, the mixer with helical barrier was designed, and fabricated. Its performance test confirms the improvement resulted by using helical barriers as air-biogas mixer in the engine. The experiment showed that the power increased by 5% when using helical barrier, while SFC decreased by 4.5%. It is concluded that the helical barrier can increase the homogeneity of the mixture resulting in better engine performance. Besides, emissions produced from the engine using a helical barrier also decreased.

scholarly journals REAL PRODUCT SIZE ACCOUNTING PROBLEM AT WAVE DEFORMATION HARDENING

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Andrey Kirichek ◽  
Sergey Barinov ◽  
Aleksandr Yashin ◽  
Aleksey Zaycev ◽  
Aleksandr Konstantinov
Keyword(s):  
Deformation Pattern ◽  
Product Size ◽  
Wave Deformation ◽  
Processing Modes ◽  
Deformation Hardening ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given ◽  
Geometrical Dimensions

The article raises the problem of the need to take into account real dimensions when they are strengthened by wave deformation. The fact is that in carrying out initial calculations the overall dimensions of the models under study are quite often neglected. On the one hand, this makes it possible to significantly simplify the calculation of the flat model, and on the other - to exclude consideration of the influence of geometric dimensions of the sample on the process to be followed. This is especially relevant in the study of shock systems in which wave processes lie. The effect of the final samples on the hardening process should not be excluded. This is because the elastic-stic deformation pattern has its own features. Hardening is carried out due to transmission of energy in the form of deformation wave, which is transformed on all gras with variable acoustic rigidity, including on boundaries, which are final dimensions of the analysed sample. Preliminary studies have developed a significant effect on the process of wave deformation hardening of geometrical dimensions of the material to be treated, since at equal volumes of strengthened materials and processing modes different distribution of microassay in the surface layer is observed. The established algorithm of further research of the given direction will allow not only to reveal the regularities of through strengthening of samples of different shapes and sizes, but also to establish the possibility of contactless de-formation strengthening of the sides of the sample opposite to the impact of the HRD, which have a complex profile shape, as well as the possibility of contactless deformation strengthening of internal hard-to-reach surfaces.

Dimensionality and Construct Validity of a Video-Based, Objective Personality Test for the Assessment of Willingness to Take Risks in Road Traffic

2005 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin E. Arendasy ◽  
Andreas Hergovich ◽  
Markus Sommer ◽  
Bettina Bognar
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Personality Test ◽  
Traffic Situation ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
First Results ◽  
The One ◽  
The Given ◽  
Homeostasis Theory

The study at hand reports first results about the dimensionality and construct validity of a newly developed objective, video-based personality test, which assesses the willingness to take risks in traffic situations. On the basis of the theory of risk homeostasis developed by Wilde, different traffic situations with varying amounts of objective danger were filmed. These situations mainly consisted of situations with passing maneuvers and speed choice or traffic situations at intersections. Each of these traffic situations describes an action which should be carried out. The videos of the traffic situations are presented twice. Before the first presentation, a short written explanation of the preceding traffic situation and a situation-contingent reaction is provided. The respondents are allowed to obtain an overview of the given situations during the first presentation of each traffic situation. During the second presentation the respondents are asked to indicate at which point the action that is contingent on the described situation will become too dangerous to carry out. Latencies for items were recorded as a measure for the magnitude of the person's subjectively accepted willingness to take risks in the sense of the risk homeostasis theory by Wilde. In a study with 243 people with different education and sex, the one-dimensionality of the test corresponding to the latency model by Scheiblechner was investigated. Analysis indicated that the new measure assesses a one-dimensional latent personality trait which can be interpreted as subjectively accepted amount of risk (target risk value). First indicators for the construct validity of the test are given by a significant correlation with the construct-related secondary scale, adventurousness of the Eysenck Personality Profiler with, at the same time, nonsignificant correlations to the two secondary scales, extroversion and emotional stability, that are not linked to the construct.

Improving the accuracy of the synthesis of the amplitude-phase distribution in an antenna array with an arbitrary geometry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.D. Gabrielyan ◽  
Dan.S. Fedorov ◽  
Den.S. Fedorov
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Problem Statement ◽  
Arbitrary Geometry ◽  
Radiating Element ◽  
Path Measurement ◽  
The One ◽  
The Given ◽  
Single Approach

Problem statement. One of the constructing antenna arrays (AA) topic is related to the determination of complex amplitudes at the input of the antenna-feeder path, which, taking into account the distortions introduced by the its, ensure the formation of an amplitude-phase distribution (APD), in which the formed DP differed minimally from the set one. The statement of the problem assumes the known number and coordinates of the location of the emitters, the DP of the radiating element in the composition of the radiating opening, a given radiation pattern. It is required to form an APD in a given opening of the AA, which ensures the formation of a DP that has a minimum deviation from the specified one. To solve the problem, the following algorithm is proposed: determination of the APD at the input of the antenna-feeder path, which ensures the formation of a given DP in the absence of distortions introduced by the antenna-feeder path; measurement for the selected directions of the generated DP with the selected APD in the presence of APD distortions introduced by the antenna-feeder path; formation of a refined APD that ensures the fulfillment of required condition in the presence of distortions introduced by the antenna-feeder path of the AA. Objective. Minimize the root-mean-square deviation of the generated PD from the one specified for the AP with the opening of an arbitrary geometry. Results. The results obtained showed: The formulation of the problem of synthesis of the APD allows us to consider, within the framework of a single approach, AA with different geometries, including AA with a non-planar radiating opening, no restrictions are imposed on the shape of the boundary, and linear (quasi-ring) AA, the emitters of which are located along an arbitrary mane. Using the proposed algorithm for the synthesis of APD, which includes three main stages: the formation of APD for a given DP; measurement of complex values of the generated DP; refinement of the APD by determining the corrections while minimizing the standard deviation (SD) between the specified and formed at the first stage of the DP, allows us to form an APD that provides a minimum SD between the specified and formed DP. The performed studies have shown that when choosing the number of angular directions in each plane, comparable to the number of emitters in this plane, there is a large difference between the given and formed DP. When the number of angular directions for measuring the DP is approximately three times greater than the number of emitters in a given plane, the SD between the specified and formed DP is close to the minimum value and practically does not change with further increase.

EFEKTIVITAS TEKNIK SCAFFOLDING TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS TEKS DESKRIPSI KELAS V SDN 3 SUKAMANAH

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Neneng Samrotul Fuadah ◽  
Dedi Heryadi ◽  
Winarti Dwi Febriani
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Posttest Score ◽  
T Test ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
The One ◽  
The Given ◽  
Scaffolding Technique ◽  
Scaffolding Learning

Abstract: This research is motivated by the low understanding of students in describing objects, the low understanding of the use of punctuation points and commas and the lack of continuity of one sentence with another. In the Indonesian language learning process, various learning techniques are needed, therefore the Scaffolding learning technique is expected to give effectiveness to the learning outcomes of students. In general, the Scaffolding technique is used to involve students taking an active and independent role in doing the given task. The purpose of this research was carried out to describe the effectiveness of the Scaffolding technique in Indonesian language description learning and learning outcomes using the Scaffolding technique. The location of this research is SDN 3 Sukamanah, Cipedes District, Tasikmalaya City. The sampling technique used was saturated sampling. The data collection used was the observation sheet and the pretest and posttest question writing instruments descriptions. The results of this study are that the average pretest value is 51.76 and the average posttest score is 83.10. Based on the N-gain test using the One Sample T-Test produces a sig value. (2-tailed) of 0,000 in accordance with the sig value testing criteria. (2-tailed) <0.05, then Ha is accepted. The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant effectiveness of using Scaffolding techniques on the learning outcomes of writing descriptions in Indonesian.Keywords: Scaffolding; Learning; Description Text.  Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas teknik Scaffolding pada pembelajaran menulis teks deskripsi dan prestasi belajar siswa. Pada umumnya teknik Scaffolding digunakan untuk melibatkan peserta didik perperan aktif dan mandiri dalam mengerjakan tugas yang diberikan. Tujuan dilaksanakan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan keefektifan teknik Scaffolding pada pembelajaran deskripsi bahasa Indonesia dan hasil pembelajaran menggunakan teknik Scaffolding. Lokasi penelitian ini di SDN 3 Sukamanah Kecamatan Cipedes Kota Tasikmalaya. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah sampling jenuh. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi dan instrumen soal pretest dan posttest menulis deskripsi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah di dapat rata-rata nilai pretest 51,76 dan rata-rata nilai posttest 83,10. Berdasarkan uji N-gain menggunakan One Sampel T-Test menghasilkan nilai sig. (2-tailed) sebesar 0,000 sesuai dengan kriteria pengujian nilai sig. (2-tailed) < 0,05, maka Ha diterima. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat keefektifan yang signifikan penggunaan teknik Scaffolding pada hasil pembelajaran menulis deskripsi bahasa Indonesia.Kata Kunci: Scaffolding; Pembelajaran; Teks Deskripsi.

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