Impact of the positive list system (PLS) on the banana market in Korea

SummaryThe objectives of this paper are (i) to assess the actual economic implications of the new European banana policy on prices, consumption and trade in Germany within a theoretical and quantitative analysis; (ii) to elaborate the welfare implications of the European banana market policy on the German banana market from the national compared with the EU’s point of view. The new European banana market policy led to the introduction of a tariff quota system on the formerly unprotected German banana market. This caused a substantial increase in German import prices for bananas, e. g. in 1994 by 95 % compared with the hypothetical situation without trade protection. Further consequences were a strong reduction of import demand and clearly rising import expenditures, by 22 % and 53 % respectively in 1994. The new banana protection on the German market caused substantial losses in consumer surplus: 1039 mill. DM in 1994, as well as deadweight losses. The size of the deadweight losses was clearly higher from the German than from the EU’s point of view. High quota rents of European traders and budgetary gains at the EU level compensated a substantial part of German consumers’ welfare losses at the EU level. This is much less the case for Germany, given the allocation of import licences in the European banana trade and the common financial system in the EU. Strong and untargeted redistributive consequences were induced by the new European banana policy even within the EU.

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EU Economic Partnership Agreements and WTO negotiations. A quantitative assessment of trade preference granting and erosion in the banana market

Food Policy ◽

10.1016/j.foodpol.2009.11.001 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 140-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Giovanni Anania

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Assessment ◽

Trade Preference ◽

Economic Partnership ◽

Banana Market

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The Positive List Approach and the Legality Principle in Criminal Law in the European Union

Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental ◽

10.17345/rcda3084 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maria Marquès i Banqué

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Criminal Law ◽

Critical Review ◽

Fundamental Question ◽

The European Union ◽

National Courts ◽

Positive List

In the context of a critical review of CITES as an instrument that deals with the trafficking of species of wildlife fauna and flora, this paper intends to analyse the legislative strategy of positive lists as an alternative to the negative lists approach used by CITES, from the perspective of criminal law. From the perspective of criminal law, it is important to analyse the problems this legislative strategy may pose when regulating crimes, or enforcing them in courts. This work focusses on a fundamental question: Could a reference to positive lists in the description of offences raise issues about constitutionality in national courts due to violation of the legality principal in criminal law? The conclusion is that, indeed, the reference to positive lists in the description of an offence could raise issues in the courts for violation of the legality principle in criminal law.

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Market integration and price transmission in Ethiopian banana supply chain

10.21203/rs.3.rs-24901/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zewdie Habte Shikur

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Granger Causality ◽

Market Integration ◽

Geographic Distance ◽

Price Transmission ◽

Transport Costs ◽

Wholesale Market ◽

Market Prices ◽

Long Run ◽

Banana Market

Abstract Local banana market prices in surplus areas are asymmetrically integrated and transmitted with that in central banana market prices or deficit areas due to geographic distance between markets, market power, and high transportation costs. As the result, the banana marketing margin is high due to high transport costs and transaction costs. Although the policy relevance of degree of vertical and spatial price transmission in banana supply chain, in Ethiopia is largely unknown, and this study assists to bridge the existing gap. The study investigates degree of spatial and vertical market integration and price transmission of banana supply chain in Ethiopia. ARDL co-integration bound tests and Granger causality tests are employed to examine vertical and horizontal price transmissions in banana supply chain using 10 years average monthly banana prices. The study finds relatively a higher degree of price transmission from central wholesale banana market to surplus banana market. Central wholesaler price has a significant effect on both banana producer and retailer prices in both long-run and short‐run. The result indicates that Granger causality is running from central wholesale market to local markets. There may be high transaction cost may reflect the vertical and spatial asymmetric price transmissions in banana supply chain. Policy interventions in banana supply chains could facilitate a faster and substantial degree of price transmission between actors in banana supply chain.

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