Production structure and technical change: The case of a post‐drought recovery project in the central highlands of Ethiopia

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Yohannes Kebede ◽  
Kisan Gunjal
Keyword(s):  
Technical Change ◽  
Production Structure ◽  
Drought Recovery ◽  
Central Highlands

An intraregional economic analysis of production structure and factor demand in major Canadian softwood lumber producing regions

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1036-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Meil ◽  
J. C. Nautiyal
Keyword(s):  
Technical Change ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Production Structure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behaviour Factor ◽  
Factor Demand

Cross-sectional time-series data were employed to estimate four intraregional models of production structure and factor demand over the time period 1968–1984. Lumber, tie, and pulp chip information was incorporated into the restricted, single-output, variable cost transcendental logarithmic function. Results indicate that aggregate sectoral studies do not adequately reflect regional production behaviour in the industry. Additional tests for aggregation bias demonstrated that different mill sizes within a region also portray differing production behaviour. Factor demand decomposition analysis indicated that demand for production inputs is not static, but is governed by offsetting dynamic effects. With few exceptions, all mills across regions exemplify material- and energy-using and labour-saving biases in technical change. Larger mills consistenly registered the greatest labour-saving technical change, which countered their lack of attaining significantly large cost-reducing scale economies. Mid-sized mills consistently exhibited the largest returns to scale. The data suggest that small mills are leaving the industry in some regions and production capacity is becoming concentrated in the larger mills.

scholarly journals Ability-Biased Technical Change and Productivity Bonus in a Nested Production Structure: A Theoretical Model with Endogenous Hicks-Neutral Technology Spillover

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-45ö
Author(s):  
Gouranga Gopal Das
Keyword(s):  
Technical Change ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Trade Intensity ◽  
Production Structure ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Adoption Of Technology ◽  
Skill Intensity ◽  
Labour Intensity ◽  
Technological Improvements ◽  
Representative Firm

This paper develops a model of endogenous trade-mediated productivity spillover in which jointly trade-intensity, capital-intensity of production, and skill-intensity for adoption of technology from an exogenously available stock of world knowledge determine firm’s productivity. The representative firm, in the process of maximising profit (or minimising costs), takes into account the benefits of technological improvements embodied in imported intermediates. Sectors with higher skilled labour intensity will have an advantage in extracting the ‘bonuses’ from spillovers. The framework is useful for exploring technology adoption, considering wage premium, investigating innovative changes in sectors, and analysing productivity differences.

Production structure and input substitution in Canadian sawmill and wood preservation industry

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 3007-3014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rao V Nagubadi ◽  
Daowei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cost Function ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Technical Change ◽  
Wood Preservation ◽  
Production Structure ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Translog Cost Function ◽  
Input Substitution ◽  
Power Inputs

We use a translog cost function to analyze the sawmill and wood-preservation industry in Canada from 1958 to 2003. The estimated cost function is homothetic and Hicks neutral. Allen elasticities of substitution indicate that significant substitution possibilities exist. According to Morishima elasticities of substitution, substitution of labour by other inputs is easier than the substitution of other inputs by labour, and substitution of other inputs by materials is easier than the substitution of materials by other inputs. The demand for production labour, nonproduction labour, and electric power inputs is elastic. In contrast to the previous findings of zero or negative rate of technical change, we find technical progress at the rate of 0.57% per annum and a total factor productivity growth rate of 0.54% per annum in the Canadian sawmill and wood preservation industry.

scholarly journals Technological Structure and Technical Change in the U.S. Northeast Farm Region

1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conrado M. Gempesaw ◽  
James W. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Technical Change ◽  
Duality Theory ◽  
Production Structure ◽  
Northeast Region ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
Technological Structure ◽  
The U.S

Considerable attention has been given to the proper measurement, estimation, and analysis of the technological structure of aggregate U.S. agriculture (Binswanger, Brown, Ray, and Antle). During the last decade, duality theory-motivated studies have also analyzed regional farm production (Saez, and Shumway). Except for the Saez study, no attempt has been made to analyze the farm production structure of the Northeast region.

Production Structure, Technical Change, and Productivity Growth in Albanian Agriculture

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michalis Hatziprokopiou ◽  
Giannis Karagiannis ◽  
Kostas Velentzas
Keyword(s):  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Technical Change ◽  
Production Structure

Impacts of Environmental Regulation on Sustainable Economic Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 749-773
Author(s):  
Jonathan Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Technical Change ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Porter Hypothesis ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Environment Agency ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

There is considerable concern and debate about the economic impacts of environmental regulations. Jonathan Fisher, former Economics Manager at the Environment Agency in England and Wales, reviews the available evidence on this subject. Section 2 presents estimates of the costs and benefits of environmental regulations. Section 3 examines the impacts of environmental regulations on economic growth, innovation and technical change as well as impacts on competitiveness and any movement of businesses to less pollution havens. He questions call for greater certainty regarding future environmental regulations, whereas in fact there should be calls for less uncertainty. This section then suggests how this could be achieved. This section then finishes with an overview of the available evidence. This includes an examination of the Porter Hypothesis that environmental regulations can trigger greater innovation that may partially or more than fully offset the compliance costs. Section 4 then sets out principles for how better environmental regulation can improve its impacts on sustainable economic growth and illustrates how the European Union (EU) Water Framework Directive is a good example of the application of these principles in practice. Section 5 reviews current and recent political perspectives regarding developments in environmental regulations across the EU and shows how the United Kingdom (UK) has successfully positively managed to influence such developments so that EU environmental regulations now incorporate many of these principles to improve their impacts on economic growth. Section 5.1 then examines the implications of Brexit for UK environmental regulations. Finally, Section 6 sets out some best practice principles to improve the impacts of environmental regulation on sustainable economic growth, innovation and technical change.

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