The military-technical revolution of the ХХI st century (Philosophical and analytical review)

The article discusses the history of the military-technical revolution, revealing its main characteristics. It was interesting to explain to others theconnection between the revolution and the technical and technological structure ofsociety, on the one hand, and the changes in modern warfare, its timing, the scale of the deployment of hostilities, on the other hand. The study is based on the methodology of systems analysis, as well as the use of logical generalization, synthesis, and abstraction. The authors rely on a wide range of illustrative material, which allowed to show the changes of the sixth military-technological revolution. The nature of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in modern warfare is considered factual material. Based on specific material, it is argued that the nature of modern warfare is hybrid in nature, but this hybridization itself is heterogeneous. Possible options for waging war and using certain equipment are shown. Based on analytical research, the authors focused on the transformation’s characteristic of modern wars. It is concluded that there is a transition period between the sixth and seventh technical-military revolutions that demand future interdisciplinary research.

OPTIMAL CONSTRUCTION AND TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTION FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF A CITY PIPELINE AND THE RESULTS OF ITS TESTS

Purpose. To once again draw the attention of bridge owners and bridge experts to the problems of reconstruction of long-term bridges and on a concrete example of reconstruction of a rather problematic city overpass operated for more than 60 years to shows that with the optimal structural and technological solutions of the reconstruction received a restored bridge, and its operational and technical and economic indicators which according to the requirements of the National Building Norms completely correspond to the new bridge, but the reconstruction cost and the lead time are greatly reduced. Methodology. To achieve this purpose over the past ten years of operation of the overpass conducted three inspections and full-scale static tests. It is determined that most of the existing reinforced concrete structures, although defective and in need of repair, can be used for further operation after reconstruction, provided they are reinforced. Worn out non-repairable structures that needed to be replaced were also found. Results. According to these initial data, a reconstruction project was developed using scientific and technological structure developments of the Branch Research Laboratory 88 of Lviv Polytechnic National University for the reconstruction of bridges. The span structure has been expanded to 4 lanes from the size G-10.5 + 2 × 0.9 m to the new G-16.5 + 2 × 1.5 m in a combined way – symmetrical completion of two new beams with their support on the extended support and installation of a reinforced concrete extension board with cantilever overhangs 2.7 m long. The most damaged boundary beams were replaced with new ones, designed for normalized temporary loads A15 and NK-100. For further operation the other existing beams are reinforced in one of the least expensive ways – by changing the static scheme from the existing split to the new clamped on the supports frame-inseparable. A set of repair works is provided to ensure the normalized durability of the reconstructed overpass. The scientific novelty is to develop a method for determining the experimental Coefficients of Transverse Distribution of Bending Moments (CTDM) and external loads (CTD) based on the results of tests of the span structure. The possibility of applying the method of elastic supports for the spatial calculation of span structures with beams of different stiffness is confirmed. Practical significance. The use of optimal design solutions for the reconstruction of existing span structures: reinforced concrete billboard with large cantilever overhangs to expand and change the static scheme to strengthen the beams of span structures.

The risk-based strategy model technical maintenance of the unique technological structures

The article considers an approach to the development of a risk-based strategy model for the technical maintenance of a unique technological structure. It is proposed to use the minimum risk of the structure failure as a criterion for optimizing the technical maintenance of the structure. It is shown that this approach allows to decrease considerably and by limited means the risk of the elements failure especially those influencing the structure safety. The task of determining the strategy parameters of technical maintenance of the construction object under consideration is formulated as a Boolean mathematical programming task. The theoretical conclusions are confirmed by the calculation example. The solution showed the advantage concerning the risk of use of the proposed strategy in comparison with the current one.

Resource competition and technological diversity

The work develops and investigates a mathematical model for evolution of the technological structure of an economic system where different technologies compete for the common essential resources. The model is represented by a system of consumer–resource rate equations. Consumers are technologies formalized as populations of weakly differentiated firms producing a similar commodity with like average output. Firms are characterized by the Leontief–Liebig production function in stock-flow representation. Firms self-replicate with a rate proportional to production output of the respective technology and dissolve with a constant rate of decay. The resources are supplied to the system from outside and consumed by concerned technologies; the unutilized resource amounts are removed elsewhere. The inverse of a per firm break-even resource availability is proposed to serve as a measure for competitiveness towards a given resource. The necessary conditions for coexistence of different technologies are derived, according to which each contender must be a superior competitor for one specific resource and an inferior competitor for the others. The model yields a version of the principle of competitive exclusion: in a steady state, the number of competing technologies cannot exceed the number of limiting resources. Competitive outcomes (either dominance or coexistence) in the general system of multiple technologies feeding on multiple essential resources are shown to be predictable from knowledge of the resource-dependent consumption and growth rates of each technological population taken alone. The proposed model of exploitative competition with explicit resource dynamics enables more profound insight into the patterns of technological change as opposed to conventional mainstream models of innovation diffusion.

ROBOT APUNG PEMBERI PAKAN IKAN KOLAM AIR TAWAR BERBASIS ARDUINO

The need for fish is increasing every year. Because it is increasing every year, fish farming must be increased in line with the use of improved fish farming technology. So that it requires an adequate technological structure and mechanization. Based on this background, the arduino-based floating robot for feeding freshwater pond fish is designed to be able to apply technology that is useful in feeding farmed fish. The arduino based floating robot fish feeding freshwater fish pond using Arduino Mega 2560 as its microcontroller, 4 Sharp 2Y0A21 sensors that function to detect pond walls, RTC functions as a timer so that it can feed fish according to the time set on the tool, LCD functions as the information viewer of the tool, the L298N motor driver controls the DC motor and the servo motor functions as the opening or closing of the food valve on the appliance. In the test, the arduino based floating robot fish feeding freshwater fish pond is able to float in water and can feed fish based on the time available on the tool. The Sharp 2Y0A21 sensor as a pool wall detector has a distance reading in the range of 1 millimeter to 10 centimeter. The robot can avoid the pool wall with a span of 3 - 7 seconds, this is influenced, among others, by surging water, wind, sensor response, and DC motors.

FEATURES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF INTERNATIONAL CARGO DELIVERY IN A DIGITAL ECONOMY

The relevance of the research of digital economy problems and related concepts is determined by the fact that the share of industries that rely on digital technologies is constantly growing. There are processes of penetration of digital technologies into other spheres of society, in particular, into international trade and the organization of international deliveries on the basis of digital technologies, which radically change their technological structure. Some activities have already been completely transformed under the influence of digital technologies. It is to be expected that e-commerce will soon dominate at the household level, and approaches to the organization of trade itself will change greatly. At the same time, the dynamism of the digital economy and the diversity of its manifestations are the reason why many areas of the economy and the impact of digitalization on them remain poorly understood. One of such areas is the organization of international cargo delivery. This explains the choice of the topic of scientific research, the relevance of which does not require additional argumentation, because it is obvious.

GEOGRAPHICAL, POLITICAL AND ECONOMICAL ASPECTS OF MOVING TOWARDS A NEW QUALITY OF TECHNOLOGY, ECONOMY AND SOCIETY

Целью представленных исследований является геополитэкономический анализ вероятных изменений по мере продвижения к новому качеству технологий, экономики и общества. Показано, как закономерная смена технологических укладов в обществе, сопровождающаяся появлением качественно новых технологий, существенными изменениями в экономике и социальной сфере, сопряжена с геополитическими и социально-экономическими изменениями в развитии общества. С помощью метода сценарного анализа определены вероятные тенденции геополитических и социально-экономических процессов развития общества в период шестого технологического уклада экономики. Научная новизна исследования продвижения к новому качеству технологий, экономики и общества заключается в том, что использование метода TESP-анализа позволило установить, что наиболее вероятным геополитэкономическим сценарием следует считать сочетание аспектов: в производственно-технологической сфере - закономерный переход от производственных технологий пятого технологического уклада к технологиям шестого технологического уклада; в экономике - «цифровое обнуление»; в социальной сфере - реализация радикальных реформ; в политике - продолжение и наращивание масштабов гибридных войн. The aim of the research is to analyze the likely geopolitical changes as we’re moving towards a new quality of technology, economy and society. It is shown how a natural change of technological structures in society, accompanied by the emergence of qualitatively new technologies, significant changes in the economy and social sphere, is associated with geopolitical and political economic aspects of the development of society. With the help of the scenario analysis method, the probable tendencies of geopolitical and political economic processes of society development in the period of the sixth technological structure of the economy are determined. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that, based on the TESP-analysis method, studies of the prospects for the development of world civilization made it possible to establish that the most probable geopolitheconomic scenario should be considered a combination of aspects: in the production and technological sphere - a natural transition from production technologies of the fifth technological order to technologies of the sixth technological order. way of life; in economics - «digital zeroing»; in the social sphere - the implementation of radical reforms; in politics - the continuation and escalation of the scale of hybrid wars.

Technological structure network analysis to explore the hotspots of academic patents in international technology transfer

International technology transfer is a determinant of a country’s national revenue and economic growth. Technology exported through international technology transfer can be the factor that gives a country a competitive edge. Therefore, investigation of international technology transfer has become essential. With the role of universities in innovation changing, academic patents have increased significantly over the past 10 years. Thus, this study used academic patents involved in international technology transfer as a basis for analysis and attempted to identify technological hotspots through a technological structure network analysis. The results indicated that key technologies in academic patent–based international technology transfer networks were mainly concentrated on measurement, nanotechnology, medical technology, biotechnology, and electric digital data processing. An academic patent technological hotspot network model was established to serve as a reference for academic technology transfers as well as for governments in their promotion of emerging technologies.