A model of cavitation for the treatment of a moving liquid metal volume

The gallium-based eutectic liquid metal alloys exhibit unique properties of deformability, excellent electrical conductivity and low vapour pressure. The liquid metal-based circuits’ element or actuator have drawn considerable attention in stretchable electronics and microelectromechanical (MEMS) actuators. Yet, the motion of the liquid metal within the electrolyte needs to be precisely regulated to satisfy application requirements. Herein, we investigated the locomotion of liquid metal within the alkaline aqueous solution under electrostatic actuation. The relationship between the travelling speed of the liquid metal slug and the relative influential parameters, such as the voltage amplitude and frequencies of the applied electric field, electrolyte concentration, electrodes distance and the liquid metal volume, were experimentally characterized. A travelling speed up to 20.33 mm/s was obtained at the applied voltage of 4 Vpp at 150 Hz at 6 V DC offset. Finally, the frequency-dependent liquid metal marble movements were demonstrated, namely oscillation and forward locomotion while oscillating. The oscillation frequency was determined by the frequency of the applied alternate current (AC) signal. The remarkable transportation and oscillating characteristic of the liquid metal marble under the electrostatic actuation may present potentials towards the development of flexible electronics and reconfigurable structures.

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Filling Pattern of Step Gating System in Lost Foam Casting Process and its Application

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.1916 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 602-604 ◽

pp. 1916-1921 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hong Zhou ◽

Li Heng Luo

Keyword(s):

Liquid Metal ◽

Casting Process ◽

Lost Foam Casting ◽

Casting Defect ◽

Gating System ◽

Filling Process ◽

Filling Pattern ◽

Metal Volume ◽

The Common ◽

Lost Foam

To explore application of step gating system in LFC, filling process of two types of step gating system was simulated, their filling patterns were found, and several engineering examples were analyzed basing on these patterns. It was found the metal start filling through all ingates almost simultaneously if the gating system is open, otherwise the sequence of the ingate filling follow increasing sequence of streamline length from the inlet. It was also found the metal volume through each ingate increased gradually bottom-top when the common step gating system is filled by EPS, but when the common step gating system is open or step gating system have an auxiliary sprue, the metal volume decreases gradually. Analysis on several engineering examples shows the simulation confluence of two liquid metal fronts is basically in accordance with the casting defect locations.

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Liquid-metal targets for high-power applications: Pulsed heating and shock hydrodynamics

Laser and Particle Beams ◽

10.1017/s0263034600184058 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 611-622 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

AHMED HASSANEIN

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Liquid Metal ◽

Thermal Shock ◽

Strong Magnetic Field ◽

High Power ◽

Isotope Separation ◽

High Energy ◽

Liquid Jets ◽

Muon Collider ◽

Moving Liquid

Significant interest has recently focused on the use of liquid-metal targets flowing with high velocities for various high-power nuclear and high-energy physics applications such as fusion reactor first-walls, the Spallation Neutron Source, Isotope Separation On Line, and Muon Collider projects. This is because the heat generated in solid targets due to beam or plasma bombardment cannot be removed easily and the resulting thermal shock damage could be a serious lifetime problem for long-term operation. More recently, the use of free or open flying-liquid jets has been proposed for higher-power-density applications. The behavior of a free-moving liquid mercury or gallium jet subjected to proton beam deposition in a strong magnetic field has been modeled and analyzed for the Muon Collider project. Free-liquid-metal jets can offer significant advantages over conventional solid targets, particularly for the more demanding and challenging high-power applications. However, the use of free-moving liquid-metal targets raises a number of new and challenging problems such as instabilities of the jet in a strong magnetic field, induced eddy-current effects on jet shape, thermal-shock formation, and possible jet fragmentation. Problems associated with shock heating of liquid jets in a strong magnetic field are analyzed in this study.

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