The effects of bolus supplementation of branched-chain amino acids on skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function in patients with rheumatic disorders during glucocorticoid treatment

Sarcopenia was originally conceptualized as the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass. Over the ensuing decades, the conceptual definition of sarcopenia has changed to represent a condition in older adults that is characterized by declining muscle mass and function, with “function” most commonly conceived as muscle weakness and/or impaired physical performance (e.g., slow gait speed). Findings over the past 15-years, however, have demonstrated that changes in grip and leg extensor strength are not primarily due to muscle atrophy per se, and that to a large extent, are reflective of declines in the integrity of the nervous system. This article briefly summarizes findings relating to the complex neuromuscular mechanisms that contribute to reductions in muscle function associated with advancing age, and the implications of these findings on the development of effective therapies.

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Sarcopenia in women with hip fracture: A comparison of hormonal biomarkers and their relationship to skeletal muscle mass and function

Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia ◽

10.1016/j.afos.2020.06.001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 139-145

Author(s):

Ming Li Yee ◽

Raphael Hau ◽

Alison Taylor ◽

Mark Guerra ◽

Peter Guerra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Hip Fracture ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

And Function

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Is Branched-Chain Amino Acids Supplementation an Efficient Nutritional Strategy to Alleviate Skeletal Muscle Damage? A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu9101047 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1047 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

◽

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Amino Acids ◽

Muscle Damage ◽

Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽

Skeletal Muscle Damage ◽

Nutritional Strategy ◽

Branched Chain

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Removal of infused amino acids by splanchnic and leg tissues in humans

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1986.250.4.e407 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 250 (4) ◽

pp. E407-E413 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

R. A. Gelfand ◽

M. G. Glickman ◽

R. Jacob ◽

R. S. Sherwin ◽

R. A. DeFronzo

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Amino Acid Uptake ◽

Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽

Acid Uptake ◽

Acid Infusion ◽

Amino Acid Infusion ◽

Significant Uptake ◽

Branched Chain

To compare the contributions of splanchnic and skeletal muscle tissues to the disposal of intravenously administered amino acids, regional amino acid exchange was measured across the splanchnic bed and leg in 11 normal volunteers. Postabsorptively, net release of amino acids by leg (largely alanine and glutamine) was complemented by the net splanchnic uptake of amino acids. Amino acid infusion via peripheral vein (0.2 g X kg-1 X h-1) caused a doubling of plasma insulin and glucagon levels and a threefold rise in blood amino acid concentrations. Both splanchnic and leg tissues showed significant uptake of infused amino acids. Splanchnic tissues accounted for approximately 70% of the total body amino acid nitrogen disposal; splanchnic uptake was greatest for the glucogenic amino acids but also included significant quantities of branched-chain amino acids. In contrast, leg amino acid uptake was dominated by the branched-chain amino acids. Based on the measured leg balance, body skeletal muscle was estimated to remove approximately 25-30% of the total infused amino acid load and approximately 65-70% of the infused branched-chain amino acids. Amino acid infusion significantly stimulated both the leg efflux and the splanchnic uptake of glutamine (not contained in the infusate). We conclude that when amino acids are infused peripherally in normal humans, splanchnic viscera (liver and gut) are the major sites of amino acid disposal.

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Interorgan metabolism of amino acids in streptozotocin-diabetic ketoacidotic rat

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1983.244.2.e151 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 244 (2) ◽

pp. E151-E158 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

J. T. Brosnan ◽

K. C. Man ◽

D. E. Hall ◽

S. A. Colbourne ◽

M. E. Brosnan

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Normal Rat ◽

Diabetic Brain ◽

Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats ◽

Branched Chain ◽

Amino Acid Concentrations

Amino acid concentrations in whole blood, liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, and brain were measured and arteriovenous differences calculated for head, hindlimb, kidney, gut, and liver in control and streptozotocin-diabetic rats. In the control rats, glutamine was released by muscle and utilized by intestine, intestine released citrulline and alanine, liver removed alanine, and the kidneys removed glycine and produced serine. In diabetic rats, the major changes from the pattern of fluxes seen in the normal rat were the release of many amino acids from muscle, with glutamine and alanine predominating, and the uptake of these amino acids by the liver. Glutamine removal by the intestine was suppressed in diabetes, but a large renal uptake of glutamine was evident. Branched-chain amino acids were removed by the diabetic brain, and consequently, brain levels of a number of large neutral amino acids were decreased in diabetes.

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