Implicit precaution, scientific inference, and indirect evidence: the basis for the US Environmental Protection Agency's regulation of genetically modified crops

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORA MURPHY ◽  
SHELDON KRIMSKY
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops ◽  
Scientific Inference ◽  
The Us

scholarly journals RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF GENETIC ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND AGRICULTURE IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-603
Author(s):  
Nguyen Hai Ha ◽  
Pham Le Bich Hang ◽  
Nong Van Hai ◽  
Le Thi Thu Hien
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops ◽  
The United States ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Industrial Biotechnology ◽  
The Us

The status of research, development and application of genetic technology in the US has been reflected through efforts and accomplishments in numerous fields including research, medicine, industrial biotechnology and agriculture in the past decades. In the area of medicine, the field of therapeutic purposes on human is the pioneer, in which gene therapy is attempted to carry out in various clinical trials. Diagnostic applications of human diseases which focus primarily on infectious diseases, cancer, pharmacogenomics and screening for inherited diseases by using molecular techniques related to PCR, next generation sequencing are followed. In addition, preparatory studies on human cells utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology have been undertaken in hopes of finding new treatments for cancer and rare form of eye disorder. In the field of agriculture, many large companies in the US have been developing varieties of genetically modified crops with traits of herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, drought resistance and nutrition enhancement. Among the biotech crops, proportion of planted acres of genetically engineered soybean, corn and cotton were increased rapidly and forecasted to expand in the coming years. Studies on generating genetically modified animals and fisheries have also been concentrated in order to not only resist diseases, enhance nutrition, but also provide pharmaceutical compounds. Application of new gene editing techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9 on plants and animals help biotech products have more opportunities to be approved for commercial sale in the US market. In general, although the research and application of genetic engineering in the US has outstripped worldwide, numerous obstacles are still encountered due to serious ethical regulations and controversy regarding to human health and environment. The US government continues to establish suitable policies and invest in science and technology to improve the quality of human life.

scholarly journals Monarch butterfly and milkweed declines substantially predate the use of genetically modified crops

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (8) ◽  
pp. 3006-3011 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Boyle ◽  
H. J. Dalgleish ◽  
J. R. Puzey
Keyword(s):  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Danaus Plexippus ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops ◽  
Monarch Butterfly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gm Crops ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
Herbicide Use

Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) decline over the past 25 years has received considerable public and scientific attention, in large part because its decline, and that of its milkweed (Asclepias spp.) host plant, have been linked to genetically modified (GM) crops and associated herbicide use. Here, we use museum and herbaria specimens to extend our knowledge of the dynamics of both monarchs and milkweeds in the United States to more than a century, from 1900 to 2016. We show that both monarchs and milkweeds increased during the early 20th century and that recent declines are actually part of a much longer-term decline in both monarchs and milkweed beginning around 1950. Herbicide-resistant crops, therefore, are clearly not the only culprit and, likely, not even the primary culprit: Not only did monarch and milkweed declines begin decades before GM crops were introduced, but other variables, particularly a decline in the number of farms, predict common milkweed trends more strongly over the period studied here.

Environment and its Forms of Knowledge: The Regulation of Genetically Modified Crops in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-183
Author(s):  
Aniket Aga
Keyword(s):  
Power Relations ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops ◽  
Gm Crops ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Democratic Participation ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
Inherent Ambiguity ◽  
Forms Of Knowledge

A fierce controversy over genetically modified (GM) crops has been raging in India for over two decades. Analyzing India’s regulatory regime for GM crops, this article focuses on the modes through which state bureaucracies know the environment. It argues that two epistemologies - scientific and legal-administrative – underpin environment protection. By unraveling the course of regulatory disputes, I demonstrate that bureaucracies are not just hierarchically divided but are also segmented by horizontal, functional specializations. There is thus an inherent ambiguity lodged between environment as a technical discourse and as statecraft. This ambiguity both fosters and constrains democratic participation in policy decisions and can even partially disrupt power relations in unanticipated ways.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document