Teaching and research on the Cold War in the United Kingdom

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-258
Author(s):  
Michael F. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Teaching And Research ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Cold War

Part 1 The Cold War Era (1945–89), 4 The Suez Crisis—1956

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hofer Alexandra
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cold War ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Member States ◽  
Suez Crisis ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Cold War

This chapter examines the intervention led by France, the United Kingdom and Israel against Egypt in 1956. After recalling the facts of the Suez Canal Crisis, it examines the legal positions of the main protagonists (Israel, France, the United Kingdom and Egypt) and the reactions of United Nations member states. The intervention’s legality is then assessed against the international legal framework governing the use of force as it stood in 1956. The final section analyses the intervention’s precedential value and its impact on the jus ad bellum. It is argued that if the intervention initially undermined the United Nations, the forceful reaction of UN member states affirmed the importance of the UN Organization and its principles.

Cold War

2019 ◽  
pp. 82-117
Author(s):  
Geoffrey B. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cold War ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Context ◽  
Major Powers ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Cold War

This chapter examines the role of foreign powers in the October 1, 1965 incident. It argues that the wider international context, in particular the rhetoric and logic of the Cold War and anticolonial nationalism, affected the contours of Indonesian politics, making it more militant and polarized. In addition, that general atmosphere, together with the actions of major powers elsewhere in the region and beyond, contributed to political conditions inside Indonesia in which a seizure of power by the army was much more likely to occur. In creating this atmosphere of polarization and crisis, several major powers played some part, including China. Yet it was overwhelmingly the United States, the United Kingdom, and their closest allies that played the central roles.

UK Military Operations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Lindley-French
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Overseas Territories ◽  
Fundamental Tension ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cold War

The world that the United Kingdom must face in the late 2010s and into the 2020s seems to make its small armed force look ever smaller, and the gap between the force and intended effect ever wider. This chapter examines the key drivers of UK military operations since the end of the cold war by assessing how the UK has put strategy and doctrine into practice. The Strategic Defence and Security Review 2010 established seven military tasks for the UK armed forces ranging from the defence of the United Kingdom, deterrence of threats, and support for partners through defence engagement, to defence of the overseas territories. However, the review revealed a fundamental tension between ends, ways, and means, a tension also evident in SDSR 2015. The UK’s armed forces are also in transition, shifting away from the land-centric operations of the wars of Yugoslav succession of the mid-1990s to a greater focus on maritime–amphibious operations with an emphasis on deep ‘jointness’ (cross-service cooperation).

Selling Schnittke

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Schmelz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Alfred Schnittke ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Way

This chapter examines censorship in the Soviet Union during the Cold War by focusing on the experience of composer Alfred Schnittke (1934–1998). More specifically, it looks at Schnittke’s evolving interactions with Soviet political and aesthetic strictures, as well as the representation and interpretation of those interactions abroad, particularly in the United States and the United Kingdom. The chapter explores the increasingly complex, globalized musical economy in which late Soviet censorship played a key role. It also discusses the “harsh censorship” that Schnittke had to endure and how it gave him prominence, and ultimately prestige, with the help of various agents such as Gidon Kremer and the Kronos Quartet, the Soviet copyright agency VAAP (All-Union Agency for the Protection of Authors’ Rights), and the BIS record label. Finally, it highlights the actors (performers, producers, impresarios, critics, and listeners) who affect the way music is shaped and received, bought and sold.

scholarly journals GEOSTRATEGIC SHIFTS IN CONTEMPORARY EUROPE

2017 ◽  
pp. 15-31
Author(s):  
UROŠ TOVORNIK
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cold War ◽  
The United States ◽  
Strategic Games ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cold War

POVZETEK Članek analizira geostrateške spremembe v današnji Evropi in svetu, ki smo jim priča od konca hladne vojne in predvsem od leta 2014 naprej. Klasična geopolitična dinamika se je vrnila in geopolitične teorije, kot sta osrčje in obrobje, so ponovno aktualne. Posledično se na svetovni oder vračajo tudi klasični geostrateški igralci. Članek analizira premike v treh evropskih državah in hkrati članicah Evropske unije, ki so v preteklih stoletjih krojile usodo Evrope, in sicer Francije, Nemčije in Združenega kraljestva. Geostrateške igre v Evropi so zmeraj imele globalne posledice, zato je bila v članku posebna pozornost namenjena tudi ZDA in Rusiji, njunim geopolitičnim interesom in geostrateškemu repozicioniranju. Sčasoma postaja jasno, da smo v tranziciji in na poti k oblikovanju nove evropske in svetovne strateške arhitekture. V tem smislu članek prepoznava nove porajajoče se geostrateške vektorje v Evropi. Ti lahko po eni strani opredeljujejo novo prihajajoče ravnotežje sil, po drugi strani pa možnost kolizije teh vektorjev. Pri slednjem smo lahko priče nepredvidljivim varnostnim posledicam tako za Evropo kakor tudi za ves svet. Ključne besede: geopolitika, geostrategija, Francija, Nemčija, Združeno kraljestvo, ZDA, Rusija. ABSTRACT This article shows how Europe and the world we are living in have changed drastically since the end of the Cold War, and especially since 2014. Classical geopolitical dynamics have resurfaced; theories, such as Heartland and Rimland, apply time and again. Consequently, classical players on the Europe and world stages are back in the game. The article analyses shifts in the following three traditional European powers and members of the European Union which have shaped the destiny of Europe during the last centuries: France, Germany and the United Kingdom. As strategic games in Europe have always had global dimensions, the United States and Russia’s influence and their geostrategic repositioning in Europe is also duly considered. The trend of a transition towards a new strategic architecture in Europe and in the world is ever more evident; the article thus also indicates the new emerging geostrategic vectors in Europe. On the one hand, they may indicate that a new balance is emerging, and on the other hand, that these vectors might collide. In case of the latter, we may face unprecedented security ramifications for Europe as well as for the entire world. Key words: geopolitics, geostrategy, France, Germany, United Kingdom, United States, Russia

Strategy, Diplomacy, and the Cold War

2019 ◽  
pp. 164-186
Author(s):  
Melvyn P. Leffler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Middle East ◽  
The United States ◽  
Joint Chiefs Of Staff ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Cold War

This chapter takes a look at U.S. war planning during the Cold War. Looking through Joint Chiefs of Staff records, the chapter shows that U.S. war planning, although crude, began in the early months of 1946. If war erupted, for whatever reasons, the war plans called for the United States to strike the Soviet Union (USSR). Expecting Soviet armies to overrun most of Europe very quickly, planners assumed that the United States would launch its attack primarily from bases in the United Kingdom and the British-controlled Cairo-Suez base in the Middle East. To protect the latter, it would be essential to slow down Soviet armies marching southward to conquer the Middle East. The United States needed the Turkish army to thwart Soviet military advances and required Turkish airfields to insure the success of the strategic offensive against targets inside the USSR.

Prokofiev’s Reception in the United Kingdom

2020 ◽  
pp. 385-404
Author(s):  
Joseph Schultz
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cold War ◽  
General Public ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Musical Creativity ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Ideological Assumptions

Chapter 19 examines the reception of Prokofiev’s music in the United Kingdom over the course of the last century, providing a case study of the evolving critical reactions in Western Europe to the composer’s works. It illustrates the ways in which Western views of Soviet musical creativity have been influenced by ideological assumptions and stereotypical constructs of Russianness and Soviet-ness. Prokofiev’s early work prompted highly conflicted responses, focusing on commentators’ construction of an exoticized image of a Slavic musical barbarian. Attitudes developed with the composer’s return to the USSR and became increasingly condescending during the Cold War, but these opinions subsequently warmed as more of his operatic and symphonic works became familiar to the general public. Standard scholarly writings, music journals, and newspaper reviews have been extensively consulted, with the focus upon those commentators, such as Ernest Newman, Gerald Abraham, and David Nice, who helped shape Prokofiev’s standing in the United Kingdom.

scholarly journals Politicizing Religion

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-99
Author(s):  
Uta A. Balbier
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Discourses ◽  
The Cold War

This chapter defines Graham’s crusades in the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom in the 1950s as powerful cultural orchestrations of Cold War culture. It explores the reasons of leading political figures to support Graham, the media discourses that constructed Graham’s image as a cold warrior, and the religious and political worldviews of the religious organizers of the crusades in London, Washington, New York, and Berlin. In doing so, the chapter shows how hopes for genuine re-Christianization, in response to looming secularization, anticommunist fears, and post–World War II national anxieties, as well as spiritual legitimizations for the Cold War conflict, blended in Graham’s campaign work. These anxieties, hopes, and worldviews crisscrossed the Atlantic, allowing Graham and his campaign teams to make a significant contribution to creating an imagined transnational “spiritual Free World.”

Altar Call in Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uta A. Balbier
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cold War ◽  
The United States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Altar Call ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
International Ministry

This book provides a transnational history of Billy Graham’s revival work in the 1950s, zooming in on his revival meetings in London (1954), Berlin (1954/1960), and New York (1957). It shows how Graham’s international ministry took shape in the context of transatlantic debates about the place and future of religion in public life after the experiences of war and at the onset of the Cold War, and through a constant exchange of people, ideas, and practices. It explores the transnational nature of debates about the religious underpinnings of the “Free World” and sheds new light on the contested relationship between business, consumerism, and religion. In the context of Graham’s revival meetings, ordinary Christians, theologians, ministers, and church leaders in the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom discussed, experienced, and came to terms with religious modernization and secular anxieties, Cold War culture, and the rise of consumerism. The transnational connectedness of their political, economic, and spiritual hopes and fears brings a narrative to life that complicates our understanding of the different secularization paths the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany embarked on in the 1950s. During Graham’s altar call in Europe, the contours of a transatlantic revival become visible, even if in the long run it was unable to develop a dynamism that could have sustained this moment in these different national and religious contexts.

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