Risk and Protective Factors for Substance Use Among Urban African American Adolescents Considered High-Risk

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trenette T. Clark ◽  
Faye Z. Belgrave ◽  
Aashir Nasim
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
African American ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
African American Adolescents ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors

scholarly journals Parental Support, Mental Health, and Alcohol and Marijuana Use in National and High-Risk African-American Adolescent Samples

2015 ◽  
Vol 9s1 ◽  
pp. SART.S22441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Maslowsky ◽  
John Schulenberg ◽  
Lisa M. Chiodo ◽  
John H. Hannigan ◽  
Mark K. Greenwald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
African American ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
African American Adolescents ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
African American Adolescent ◽  
Protective Processes

African-American adolescents experience disproportionate rates of negative consequences of substance use despite using substances at average or below-average rates. Due to underrepresentation of African-American adolescents in etiological literature, risk and protective processes associated with their substance use require further study. This study examines the role of parental support in adolescents’ conduct problems (CPs), depressive symptoms (DSs), and alcohol and marijuana use in a national sample and a high-risk sample of African-American adolescents. In both samples, parental support was inversely related to adolescent CPs, DSs, and alcohol and marijuana use. CPs, but not DSs, partially mediated the relation of parental support to substance use. Results were consistent across the national and high-risk samples, suggesting that the protective effect of parental support applies to African-American adolescents from a range of demographic backgrounds.

Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Gang Involvement among Urban African American Adolescents

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIAOMING LI ◽  
BONITA STANTON ◽  
ROBERT PACK ◽  
CAROLE HARRIS ◽  
LESLEY COTTRELL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
African American Adolescents ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Gang Involvement

Cultural Protective Factors for Community Risks and Substance Use Among Rural African American Adolescents

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aashir Nasim ◽  
Anita Fernander ◽  
Tiffany G. Townsend ◽  
Rosalie Corona ◽  
Faye Z. Belgrave
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
African American ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
African American Adolescents ◽  
Cultural Protective Factors

scholarly journals Family Factors and Mediators of Substance Use Among African American Adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trenette T. Clark ◽  
Anh B. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
African American ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
African American Adolescents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family Factors ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
School Factors ◽  
The Relationship

This study uses a sample of 424 African American 8th- and 12th-grade students (mean age = 16.55; 65.1% girls) in the United States to examine how family protective factors explain cultural and school protective factors that prevent substance use. Questionnaires were administered between 2007 and 2009. Using structural equation modeling, results indicated that cultural and school factors partially mediated the relationship between family factors and lifetime substance use. School factors fully mediated the relationship between cultural factors and lifetime substance use. The findings suggest that parents promote cultural attributes, which in turn promotes school achievement, and in turn contributes to lower substance use. Limitations of the study, and implications for future research and prevention programs are discussed.

Risk, Protection, and Substance Use in Adolescents: A Multi-Site Model

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Sale ◽  
Soledad Sambrano ◽  
J. Fred Springer ◽  
Charles W. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
School Connectedness ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Individual Substance ◽  
High Risk Youth

This article reports findings from a national longitudinal cross-site evaluation of high-risk youth to clarify the relationships between risk and protective factors and substance use. Using structural equation modeling, baseline data on 10,473 youth between the ages of 9 and 18 in 48 high-risk communities around the nation are analyzed. Youth were assessed on substance use (cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use), external risk factors including family, school, peer and neighborhood influences, and individual risk and protective factors including self-control, family connectedness, and school connectedness. Findings indicate strong direct relationships between peer and parental substance use norms and substance use. Individual protective factors, particularly family and school connectedness were strong mediators of individual substance use. These findings suggest that multi-dimensional prevention programming stressing the fostering of conventional anti-substance use attitudes among parents and peers, the importance of parental supervision, and development of strong connections between youth and their family, peers, and school may be most effective in preventing and reducing substance use patterns among high-risk youth.

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