Determinants of Behavioral Responses to Online Privacy: The Effects of Concern, Risk Beliefs, Self-Efficacy, and Communication Sources on Self-Protection Strategies

Abstract This prospective observational study examined changing trends in mental and behavioral responses, and their association with perceived risk, severity, self-efficacy and isolation status during the Chinese COVID-19 epidemic. There were five waves of interviews. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric test methods were used for data analysis. Participants numbered 150 for the linkable baseline survey and 102 completed all 5 survey waves and were included in the analysis. Mental stress, emotional status and lifestyle manifested a statistically significant downwards trend across the total period of this panel study. The number of reported new confirmed patients perceived high risk and perceived severity were positively associated with mental stress, emotional status and lifestyle. Self-efficacy was negatively associated with each type of mental and behavioral response. The more time people were confined to their home, the more serious the emotional and lifestyle problems. Dose-response relationships were noted between the number of reported new confirmed patients and mental stress, emotional status and lifestyle during the five observation points. This study yielded new information about mental and behavioral responses among Chinese people during the COVID-19 epidemic. Policy changes and health education are essential for minimizing the adverse health effects of these responses.

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Responses to Online Privacy Risks

Encyclopedia of Cyber Behavior ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-0315-8.ch074 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 900-910

Author(s):

Hichang Cho

Keyword(s):

Intellectual History ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Online Privacy ◽

Future Research ◽

Privacy Concerns ◽

Literature Reviews ◽

Use Of The Internet ◽

Privacy Risks ◽

Self Protection

The increasing use of the Internet and the development of more sophisticated data-mining and surveillance techniques have led to growing levels of public concern about online privacy. This chapter reviews the intellectual history and current knowledge of online privacy risks. It discusses some foundational studies of privacy research. This is followed by literature reviews of empirical studies of online privacy risks. Specifically, this chapter focuses on perceptual and behavioral responses to online privacy risks, such as online privacy concerns, risk perception and optimistic bias, and self-protection behavior. It concludes with implications and directions for future research.

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Effectiveness of a multilevel intervention to reduce violence and increase condom use in intimate partnerships among female sex workers: cluster randomised controlled trial in Karnataka, India

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001546 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. e001546

Author(s):

Prakash Javalkar ◽

Lucy Platt ◽

Ravi Prakash ◽

Tara S Beattie ◽

Martine Collumbien ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Condom Use ◽

Sex Workers ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Consistent Condom ◽

Consistent Condom Use ◽

Protection Strategies ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

Self Protection ◽

Multilevel Intervention

IntroductionSamvedana Plus is a multilevel intervention working with sex workers, their intimate partners (IPs) and communities to reduce intimate partner violence (IPV) and to increase condom use within intimate relationships of sex workers in Northern Karnataka, India.MethodsA cluster randomised controlled trial in 47 villages. Female sex workers with IPs in the last 6 months were eligible for baseline (2014), midline (2016) and endline (2017) surveys. 24 villages were randomised to Samvedana Plus and 23 to a wait-list control. Primary outcomes among sex workers included experience of physical and/or sexual IPV or severe physical/sexual IPV in the last 6 months and consistent condom use with their IP in past 30 days. Analyses adjusted for clustering and baseline cluster-level means of outcomes.ResultBaseline (n=620) imbalance was observed with respect to age (33.9 vs 35.2) and IPV (31.4% vs 45.0%). No differences in physical/sexual IPV (8.1% vs 9.0%), severe physical/sexual IPV (6.9% vs 8.7%) or consistent condom use with IPs (62.5% vs 57.3%) were observed by trial arm at end line (n=547). Samvedana Plus was associated with decreased acceptance of IPV (adjusted OR (AOR)=0.62, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.94, p=0.025), increased awareness of self-protection strategies (AOR=1.73, 95% CI=1.04–2.89, p=0.035) and solidarity of sex workers around issues of IPV (AOR=1.69, 95% CI=1.02–2.82, p=0.042). We observed an increase in IPV between baseline (25.9%) and midline (63.5%) among women in Samvedana Plus villages but lower in comparison villages (41.8%–44.3%) and a sharp decrease at end line in both arms (~8%).ConclusionWe found no evidence that Samvedana Plus reduced IPV or increased condom use, but it may impact acceptance of IPV, increase knowledge of self-protection strategies and increase sex worker solidarity. Inconsistencies in reported IPV undermined the ability of the trial to assess effectiveness.Trial registration numberNCT02807259.

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The Role of Online Privacy Concern as a Mediator between Internet Self-Efficacy and Online Technical Protection Privacy Behavior

Sains Humanika ◽

10.11113/sh.v9n3-2.1271 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (3-2) ◽

Author(s):

Wan Ying Lee ◽

Chee-Seng Tan ◽

Poh Chua Siah

Keyword(s):

Internet Addiction ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Study Data ◽

Online Privacy ◽

Privacy Concern ◽

Internet Users ◽

The Government ◽

Questionnaire Surveys ◽

The Impact

Online risks may result in unnecessary harm but these risks can be minimized by being online privacy concerned and by taking privacy protective actions. Few studies examined the impact of privacy concern and internet self-efficacy on the online technical protection privacy behavior. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the effect of privacy concern and internet self-efficacy on technical protection. Quantitative and purposive sampling methods were used in this study. Data were gathered via questionnaire surveys from 235 undergraduates from six universities in Malaysia. The questionnaire includes participants’ demographic data, internet addiction test, web user self-efficacy scale, privacy concern, and technical protection scale. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the effect of internet self-efficacy and privacy concern on technical protection, while controlling for gender, course type, and internet addiction. Results showed that both privacy concern and internet self-efficacy were significant predictors of technical protection. Moreover, mediation analysis showed that there was an indirect effect of internet self-efficacy on technical protection through privacy concern. The results contribute to literature by revealing how internet self-efficacy and privacy concern increase technical protection. The government and policy makers can design intervention and prevention programs that aim to boost privacy concern and internet self-efficacy, so that internet users are more capable of safeguarding their online privacy.

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