Dispositional and situational personal features and acute post-collision head and neck pain: Double mediation of pain catastrophizing and pain sensitivity

Pain variability can be partially attributed to psycho-cognitive features involved in its processing. However, accumulating research suggests that simple linear correlation between situational and dispositional factors may not be sufficiently explanatory, with some positing a role for mediating influences. In addition, acute pain processing studies generally focus on a post-operative model with less attention provided to post-traumatic injury. As such, this study aimed to investigate a more comprehensive pain processing model that included direct and indirect associations between acute pain intensity in the head and neck, pain catastrophizing (using pain catastrophizing scale (PCS)), and pain sensitivity (using the pain sensitivity questionnaire (PSQ)), among 239 patients with post-motor vehicle collision pain. The effect of personality traits (using Ten Items Personality Inventory (TIPI)) and emotional status (using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)) on that model was examined as well. To this end, three Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analyses were conducted. Overall, the data had good fit to all the models, with only PSQ found to have a direct correlation with acute pain intensity. The SEM analyses conversely revealed several mediations. Specifically, that: first, PSQ fully mediated the relationship between PCS and pain intensity; second, PCS and PSQ together fully mediated the relationship between conscientiousness (personality trait) and pain intensity; and finally, emotional status had direct and indirect links with PSQ and pain intensity. In conclusion, these models suggest that during the acute post-collision phase, pain sensitivity intermediates between emotional states and personality traits, partially via elevated pain catastrophizing thoughts.

ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION UNDER EXPERIMENTAL SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE. POSSIBLE WAYS OF PHARMACOCORRECTION

Purpose of the article: to study the effect of acelysine and nimodipine on certain endothelial dysfunction indicators and to evaluate their therapeutic efficacy after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Materials and Methods: an experimental study was carried out using 50 Wistar rats of both sexes. Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage was modeled in animals. Three groups of animals were identified: a control group, a group of animals received a standard therapeutic dose of acelysine, and a group received a standard therapeutic dose of nimotop. Each group included 15 animals. There were also 5 intact animals. The animals were withdrawn from the experiment on days 4 and 7 after the motor and exploratory activity determination. Motor and exploratory activity determination was carried out following SAH with the “Open Field” technique. Determination of biochemical markers of endothelial dysfunction was performed in a rat brain homogenate. Results and discussion. It was found that modeling of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) led to the oxidative stress development development and the product of oxidative modification of proteins (nitrotyrosine (Ntz) on the 4th and especially on the 7th day of the experiment) increase in the brain tissues. Starting from the 4th day, we registered a compensatory increase in the activity of NO-synthase (NOS) - by 56%, followed by a decrease in its activity on the 7th day, by more than 33% against the intact group of animals. It was registered a compensatory increase in VEGF-A in rats with SAH modeling on the 4th day of the experiment and its further decrease on the 7th day. The established pathobiochemical changes in the brain tissue were accompanied by the cognitive deficit development in experimental animals, especially on the 7th day of the SAH. SAH led to a significant decrease in the total activity of animals by 2.63 times, a decrease in the distance traveled by animals by 1.89 times, the number of freezes increased by 1.86 times and the immobility of animals increased when moving from the periphery to the center and immobility in the center of the arena (anxiety, fear, disorientation), as well as a decrease in the distance traveled and the speed of movement in illuminated center of the arena 2 and 2.6 times, respectively. Experimental therapy with acelysine 15 mg/kg led to the normalization of biochemical indicators of endothelial dysfunction: concentration of nitrotyrosine, starting from the 4th day of the experiment, increased eNOS activity and VEGF-A concentration (by 75% and 64% on 7th day). The administration of namidopine led to less pronounced effects, statistically significant changes occurred only in relation to the VEGF-A concentration. Administration of namidopine resulted in only a slight increase in VEGF-A concentration. Acelysine and nimotope significantly increased the total activity of rats on the 7th day after SAH by 76.3% and 48.8%, respectively. In animals treated with acelysine, anxiety and fear decreased. The animals were less aggressive and more empathic - long-term grooming increased 3 times. The administration of nimotop in rats survived SAH had a less pronounced positive effect on behavior. Nimotop did not effect on indicators of general activity and did not increase the total distance traveled. Animals received nimtop were inactive by the 7th day of treatment. Conclusions: Experimental therapy with acelysine led to the normalization of biochemical parameters of endothelial dysfunction, namely nitrotyrosine concentration, starting from the 4th day of the experiment and increased eNOS activity and VEGF-A concentration. It should be noted that, in contrast to the rats of the control group, under prescription of acelysine, there was an increase in the concentration of eNOS and VEGF-A both on the 4th and 7th days of the experiment. The administration of namidopine led to less pronounced effects, statistically significant changes occurred only in relation to the VEGF-A concentration. The administration of acelysin to animals after SAH had a beneficial effect on the emotional status and behavior of animals, and also led to the normalization of their general activity and orientation-exploratory activity. The mechanism of edotheliotropic effect of acelysine, in our opinion, is associated with its antioxidant effects, modulating impact on endothelial NOS, as well as its property, indirectly, to influence on increase VEGF content. Nimotope therapy had no effect on the emotional status and behavior of the animals. The use of calcium channel blockers revealed such side effects as depression, drowsiness, diplopia, and disorientation

The Impact of EFL Students’ Emotioncy Level on Their Motivation and Academic Achievement: A Theoretical Conceptual Analysis

Recently, teachers’ and language learners’ emotional status has received special attention among researchers. They argued that learners’ emotioncy level might affect every aspect of language teaching process; therefore, the present study reviewed the impact of EFL students’ emotioncy level on their motivation and academic achievement. Reviewing the literature revealed that there are different classifications for learners’ emotioncy level. However, studies showed that the most prominent classification of learners’ feeling is positive or negative. No matter positive or negative, the main responsibility of teachers in these situations is finding an appropriate way to control these feeling. The paper concludes with some pedagogical implications to control emotioncy in the classroom.

Negative Emotions in Chinese Frontline Medical Staff During the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Epidemic: Status, Trend, and Influential Pathways Based on a National Investigation

Objective: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), declared as a major public health emergency, has had profound effects on public mental health especially emotional status. Due to professional requirements, medical staff are at a higher risk of infection, which might induce stronger negative emotions. This study aims to reveal the emotional status of Chinese frontline medical staff in the early epidemic period to better maintain their mental health, and provide adequate psychological support for them.Methods: A national online survey was carried out in China at the early stage of the COVID-19 epidemic. In total, 3025 Chinese frontline medical staff took part in this investigation which utilized a general information questionnaire, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and the Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire (BEQ).Results: At the early stage of COVID-19, anxiety was the most common negative emotion of Chinese medical staff, followed by sadness, fear, and anger, mainly at a mild degree, which declined gradually over time. Nurses had the highest level of negative emotions compared with doctors and other healthcare workers. Women experienced more fear than men, younger and unmarried medical staff had more anxiety and fear compared with elders and married ones. Risk perception and emotional expressivity increased negative emotions, cognitive reappraisal reduced negative emotions, while negative emotions led to more avoidant behavior and more physical health disturbances, in which negative emotions mediated the effect of risk perception on avoidant behavior tendency in the model test.Conclusion: Chinese frontline medical staff experienced a mild level of negative emotions at the early stage of COVID-19, which decreased gradually over time. The findings suggest that during the epidemic, nurses' mental health should be extensively attended to, as well as women, younger, and unmarried medical staff. To better ensure their mental health, reducing risk perception and improving cognitive reappraisal might be important, which are potentially valuable to form targeted psychological interventions and emotional guidance under crisis in the future.

Тhe effect of hippotherapy on the psychoemotional status of children with cerebral palsy

The results of the hippotherapy program application in the correction of the psycho-emotional status of children with cerebral palsy are presented. It has been established that this program of therapeutic horse riding has proved effective in correcting the psycho-emotional status and can be widely used in the rehabilitation of persons with cerebral palsy. Key words: cerebral palsy, hippotherapy, psychological testing.

The quality of life of patients after reconstructive and reconstructive breast surgery

The quality of life indicators of 70 patients who underwent reconstructive and reconstructive breast surgery were studied. We used a depression test questionnaire and questionnaires on the quality of life. The patients were divided into 3 groups. It was found that a higher level of depression in group II compared to group I. Low level of depression in group III. Indicators of the physical component of health are the highest in group II compared to groups I and III. Low indicators of the physical component of health in group III patients. Indicators of the psychological component of health are higher in group III compared to groups II and I. Higher indicators of the psychological component of health in patients of groups II and III. Key words: quality of life, mammary glands, reconstructive and reconstructive operations, neoplasms, psycho-emotional status.

The Association of Maternal Emotional Status With Child Over-Use of Electronic Devices During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic may generate high levels of maternal depression/anxiety, and maternal emotional status may affect child behavioral development. Online education during the pandemic may induce child over-use of electronic-devices. However, child electronic-device over-use (especially among children under 12 who are immature in physical and mental development) during the pandemic has not attracted sufficient attention, and the association of child over-use with maternal emotional status remains unknown. Therefore, this study aims to assess the characteristics of child electronic-device over-use and the association between maternal emotional status and child over-use among 1,300 children from nurseries (<3 years), kindergartens (3–6 years), and primary schools (6–12 years) in Shanghai and Wuhan during COVID-19. Mothers completed an online questionnaire (including the Self-Rating-Depression/Anxiety-Scales and Family-Environment-Scale). The use of electronic devices (mobile-phones, iPads, computers, and televisions) and online courses taken by the children were investigated. Associations of maternal emotional status with electronic-device-use by child age were analyzed. The proportions of children in nurseries, kindergartens and primary schools were 8.5, 44.5, and 47.0%, their percentages following online-courses were 24.5, 48.4, and 99.0%, and their rates of electronic-device over-use were 34.2, 62.2, and 93.4%, respectively. Significant associations were observed between higher maternal anxiety/depression levels and higher risks of mobile-phone/iPad over-use among preschoolers and primary-school students. Lower family intimacy and higher conflict levels were associated with higher maternal depression/anxiety levels and higher risks of electronic-device over-use. Our findings suggested that over-use of electronic-devices among children under 12 was common during COVID-19, especially among children ≥6 years, and online-teaching may exacerbate over-use. Maternal anxiety/depression levels were associated with over-use of portable internet-devices (mobile-phone/iPad), especially among preschoolers and school-aged students, and family environment may mediate the association. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of factors leading to over-use of electronic-device and developing strategies to decrease over-use during COVID-19.