Regulatory Compliance Costs and Private School Participation in Voucher Programs

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey A. DeAngelis
Keyword(s):  
Private School ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Compliance Costs ◽  
School Participation ◽  
Voucher Programs

scholarly journals Do regulators overestimate the costs of regulation?

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. David Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Summary Statistics ◽  
Compliance Cost ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
Cost Estimates ◽  
Compliance Costs ◽  
Average Ratio ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
The Mean

Abstract:It has occasionally been asserted that regulators typically overestimate the costs of the regulations they impose. A number of arguments have been proposed for why this might be the case. The most widely credited is that regulators fail sufficiently to appreciate the effects of innovation in reducing regulatory compliance costs. Most existing studies have found that regulators are more likely to over- than to underestimate costs. While it is difficult to develop summary statistics to aggregate the results of different studies of disparate industries, one such measure is the average of the ratio of ex ante estimates of compliance costs to ex post estimates of the same costs. This ratio is generally greater than one. In this paper I argue that neither the greater frequency of overestimates nor the fact that the average ratio of ex ante to ex post cost estimates is greater than one necessarily demonstrates that ex ante estimates are biased. There are several reasons to suppose that the distribution of compliance costs could be skewed, so that the median of the distribution would lie below the mean. It is not surprising, then, that most estimates would prove to be too high. Moreover, Jensen’s inequality implies that the expected ratio of ex ante to ex post compliance costs would be greater than one. I propose a regression-based test of the bias of ex ante compliance cost estimates, and cannot reject the hypothesis that estimates are unbiased. Failure to reject a hypothesis with limited and noisy data should not, of course, be interpreted as a strong argument to accept the hypothesis. Rather, this paper argues for the generation of more and better information. Despite the existence of a number of papers reporting ex ante and ex post compliance cost estimates, it is surprisingly difficult to get a large sample with which to make such comparisons.

Impact of Regulatory Compliance Costs on Small Airports

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Gresham Smith and Partners ◽  
Charlotte Bryan Solutions ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Compliance Costs

scholarly journals Regulatory Compliance Costs on International Banks in Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Ridvan Cabukel
Keyword(s):  
Banking Industry ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Compliance Cost ◽  
Policy Objective ◽  
Market Strategy ◽  
Compliance Costs ◽  
Banking Regulations ◽  
Turkish Government ◽  
International Banks ◽  
Financial Center

<p>The Turkish government set a policy to become a regional financial center in 2007. This policy involved encouraging international banks to enter Turkey and take a more prominent role in the Turkish banking industry. Since then the progress has been slow to achieve this policy objective. The primary indicator of being a financial center is to have the presence of international banks. Even though there are many representative offices in Turkey, few of them changed their status to subsidiary or branch to this day. On the contrary, some international banks announced that they would downsize their operations. Representative offices have lower investment and compliance cost than that of branches and subsidiaries. Banking regulations in Turkey does not differentiate much by type, operations and size. Also international banks have to comply their head office rules in line with regulators in their home countries.  In this article, we focus on the regulatory compliance costs on international banks to open branches and to establish subsidiaries with niche market strategy in Turkey. We argue that regulatory compliance costs play a major role on the reluctance of international banks’ lack of enthusiasm.</p>

scholarly journals Retrospective cost analyses of EPA regulations: a case study approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Kopits ◽  
Al McGartland ◽  
Cynthia Morgan ◽  
Carl Pasurka ◽  
Ron Shadbegian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Compliance Costs ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Key Drivers

Abstract:EPA has conducted several ex post assessments of regulatory compliance costs, with the ultimate goal of identifying ways to improve ex ante cost estimation. The work to date has culminated in four case studies that examine five regulations using a common conceptual framework. The standardized framework provides a systematic way to investigate key drivers of compliance costs to see if judgments can be made about why and how ex ante and ex post estimates of costs differ. In addition to describing this conceptual framework, we describe the criteria used to select the rules to be analyzed, summarize the main hypotheses for why ex ante and ex post cost estimates may differ and discuss some of the challenges encountered in conducting these ex post analyses.

scholarly journals Private School Participation in Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quynh Nguyen ◽  
Dhushyanth Raju
Keyword(s):  
Private School ◽  
School Participation

scholarly journals Private School Participation in Pakistan

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-46
Author(s):  
Quynh T. Nguyen ◽  
Dhushyanth Raju
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Private School ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
School Students ◽  
Government School ◽  
Private Schooling ◽  
School Participation ◽  
To Come

This study uses multiple rounds of national household sample surveys to examine the extent and nature of private school participation at the primary and secondary levels in Pakistan. Today, one fifth of children in Pakistan—or one third of all students—attend private school. Private school students tend to come from urban, wealthier, and better-educated households than government school students and especially out-of-school children. The characteristics of private school students relative to their government school peers and the former’s composition differ in important ways across Pakistan’s four provinces. Private school participation among children varies largely from one household to another rather than within households, and to a greater extent than government school participation. Private schooling is spatially concentrated, with a few districts (situated mainly in northern Punjab) accounting for most private school students. The spatial distributions of private school supply and participation are strongly correlated. In the 2000s, private school participation rates grew in Punjab, Sindh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and across socioeconomic subgroups, contributing in particular to the growth in overall school participation rates for boys, urban children, and rich children. Nevertheless, the composition of private school students has become more equitable, driven mainly by Punjab, where the shares of private school students from rural and nonrich households have risen.

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