Pengaruh Instabilitas Makroekonomi Terhadap Non-Performing Financing Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia

This study aims to identify the determinants of non-performing financing (NPF) in Islamic banks in Indonesia. The study objects are the Islamic banking industry during the first quarter of 2008 until the third quarter of 2019. The variables in this study are inflation, growth of Gross Domestic Product (PDB), and Bank Indonesia rate. The statistic method used is the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The result shows that inflation shock significantly affects the trend of NPF, while others do not give significant effect to NPF of Islamic Banking.

WHY DOES BANGLADESH REQUIRE A CENTRALIZED SHARIAH GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK FOR ISLAMIC BANKS?

The main objective of this article is to describe the logical reasons why a Centralized Shariah Governance Framework (CSGF) provided by the Central Bank of Bangladesh (Bangladesh Bank) is essential for the country’s Islamic banks. In doing so, it identifies the major regulatory challenges (self-developed and disparate use of Shariah Governance (SG) practices) faced by Islamic banks in Bangladesh. It considers an analytical approach to explore the significance of a CSGF for Islamic banks in Bangladesh and examines the current diversified procedures of SG practices. This article reveals that the self-developed SG practices of Islamic banks in Bangladesh have created confusion and pessimism among the practitioners, bankers and even to the general people and regulators which is negatively affecting the overall image of Islamic banks. Such incongruent governance practices have led to inconsistencies in SG structures, implementation procedures, monitoring activities. In addition, this article reveals that these deficiencies usually exist due to weak monitoring systems of the Central Bank, ineffective functioning of individual Shariah Supervisory Boards (SSB) and the absence of comprehensive SGF. The article argues that the Central Bank of Bangladesh should initiate to reform its Islamic banking industry by introducing a CSGF aimed to identify the roles, responsibilities, powers, and functions of SSB; thereby improving governance, accountability, and overall Shariah compliance quality. This article is hoped to be beneficial for the regulators and practitioners to consider revising current practices. Keywords: Centralization, Bangladesh Bank, Islamic banks, Shariah governance framework. Cite as: Alam, M. K., & Thakur, O. A. (2022). Why does Bangladesh require a centralized Shariah governance framework for Islamic banks? Journal of Nusantara Studies, 7(1), 24-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss1pp24-42

Comparative Analysis of Banking Financial Performance Pre and Post Covid-19 Pandemic

<p class="Imar-Abstract">Covid-19 struck the Indonesian banking industry in particular ASEAN, through the weaker economic growth, which resulted in a slowdown in credit growth and eventually reduce profitability. This study aimed to analyze the financial performance of banks before and after the occurrence of a covid-19 pandemic and formulate alternative strategies to improve the financial performance of Indonesian banks. The study sample consisted of four banks with saturated sampling method (census) are owned banks (State Bank) listed on the Stock Exchange Indonesia. The data in this research is secondary data obtained from the bank's annual report period 2019 until the second quarter of 2020 which is accessed via the IDX website. Performance is measured using the six financial ratios namely ROA, BOPO, NPL, NIM, CAR and LDR with different test analysis method (Paired T-Test). The study found that in the form of financial ratios ROA, BOPO, CAR and LDR pre and post Covid-19 pandemics have significantly different values, while the NPL and NIM did not differ significantly.</p>

Artificial Intelligence and Personalized Banking

AI has begun making its presence felt in every industry and now across the financial services industry as well. This chapter examines and presents the use of AI in banks for better customer service giving them a personalized experience. This chapter explains how banks are getting future-ready for their financial services by means of AI and are delivering financial offerings seamlessly. This research primarily focuses on the concept of AI in the field of banking, how AI has revolutionized personalized banking and made banking operations more efficient and successful. AI innovations are an integral part of Industry 5.0 which aims at integrating automation and human intelligence. This chapter aims to study and describe the current applications of AI in the banking industry and its impact on the banking sector. The study also gives a description of the banks employing AI to facilitate an exceedingly personalized customer journey with the banks.

Tax Avoidance Perusahaan Perbankan

There were many unconsistent research result about “what and how” tax avoidance’s influencers. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the tax avoidance of banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the 2016-2018 period. The research population consisted of 26 Food and Beverage Companies listed on the IDX, with 9 companies that successfully sampled and meet the criteria. Cross section data is used in this research. The data analysis techniques used multiple regression analysis, simultaneous test, coefficient of determination test, and partial test. The results of the study state that profitability as measured by ROA has a significant effect on tax avoidance in the banking industry on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016-2018 period. Leverage as measured by DER has a significant effect on tax avoidance in the banking industry on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016-2018 period. Profitability (ROA) and leverage (DER) simultaneously have a significant effect on tax avoidance in the banking industry on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016-2018 period.

Indicators of financial distress condition in Indonesian banking industry

This study conducts the theme of The Causes of Financial Distress conditions by samples from Indonesian banking sector registered in the Financial Services Authority of Indonesia within the period of 2015-2019. The title of this study: "Indicators of Financial Distress condition in Banking sector in Indonesia” during the period of 2015-2019" with a multiple correlation approach. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of leverage of Credit Risk, CAR, ROA, and LDR to the Financial Distress conditions. The sample of population in this study are all conventional commercial banks in Indonesia registered in the Financial Services Authority of Indonesia. The number of samples in this study were included 37 commercial banks that their profitabilities were being declined, with a total number 146 observations. The method carried out in determining the sample is “Purposive” sampling. Based on the results of study and data analysis using the panel data method, it shows that capital, credit risk, profitability and liquidity have a positive effect on Financial Distress. The implication of the above conclusion is that it required further research to perform preventive actions to anticipate the measures of financial performance of the Bank, and it is expected to select a larger population of samples and variables that might have not been included in research on banking Financial Distress in Indonesia.

An Investigation of Repurchase Intentions in the Banking Industry: What Reason Do They Return?

In an increasingly competitive market, customer retention is imperative for businesses in the services sector, particularly banks. This study aims to understand how relationship quality as second-order impacts repurchase intentions based on the Theory of Repurchase Decision Making (TRD). The switching cost moderating role is addressed. The model was validated using empirical data from Pakistan. A regression modeling was adopted to measure the research hypotheses that underpinned a proposed conceptual model. Results show that relationship quality positively and significantly influences the repurchase intentions. Switching cost determined to be a moderator between relationship quality and repurchase intentions. The implication is that services industry professionals should not overlook the importance of relationship quality and switching costs, as they have a significant impact on repurchase intentions.

Human Leaders and Artificial Intelligent Leaders

The chapter deals with the relationship between human leader and artificial leader. Organizations are encroached by artificial intelligent in almost all the areas of the organization such as retail industry, banking industry, call centers, manufacturing industry. The chapter shows the path how human leader sharing workplace space with the artificial leaders and make them as their workplace spouses for the better functioning of the organizations and the economy. The limitation of the research is implementation of AI in organizations will generate social problems such as unemployment, theft, etc. The future scope of the research is to analyze the working of artificial leaders in the academic industry.