Dental Caries Prevalence among 3 - 14 Year Old School Children of Chitwan

Introduction: Dental caries, an infectious microbiologic disease of dental hard tissues is a global public health problem. It affects people of all ages with the highest priority risk group being school-going children. Objective: This study was done to assess the prevalence of dental caries in the 3-14 years old school children of Chitwan and to compare it across genders, age groups and school groups. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from January 2018 to May 2018 where WHO criteria was used to examine and calculate DMFT and dft (decayed filled teeth) indices among 360 school children. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 20. Statistical significance was determined using independent t-test and ANOVA test. Results: The prevalence of the dental caries was found to be 85.83% with mean DMFT of 3.01 ± 2.24 among school children of Chitwan. Caries prevalence was higher in females compared to males, and in government schools compared to private school. Caries experience was highest in middle childhood group 7-12 years (89.20%, mean “DMFT+dft” 3.56 ± 2.33) followed by late childhood group of 13-14 years (84.72%, mean DMFT 2.68 ± 1.95) and early childhood group of 3-6 years (77.33%, mean dft 1.76 ± 1.60) and the differences were statistically significant. The difference in caries experience between private and government school groups as well as in male and female children was not statistically significant. 82.7% of the children had untreated caries while only 5.83% had filled teeth in their mouth. Conclusions: The prevalence of dental caries was higher in middle childhood group and higher percentage of untreated decays, calls for the need of immediate preventive as well as curative interventions.

Enormity of iron deficiency anaemia and haematological indices in Primary and secondary school going children in central rural Gujarat, India

Anemia is one of the associated and underlying health conditions observed in large number of school going children of rural India. National Family Health Survey (NHFS) data published by Government of Indiaindicates increased prevalence ofanaemia in children of rural India. In the present study, children of government school of the Waghodia tehsil, Vadodara district Gujarat were surveyed. A cross sectional study was conducted to survey 500 children of either genderaccording to WHO gradation as normal range (12.6 ± 0.54 gm/dl); mild anemia (11.01 ± 0.58gm/dl) and moderate anemia(9.11 ± 0.3gm/dl).Observations indicated that, 20.6%, 74.8% and 4.6%children were in normal or above normal range, mild anemia and moderate anemia respectively. Overall79.4% of children have anemia. It reveals the escalating magnitude of prevalence of IDA in rural Gujarat. Prevalence is more in 9-11 age group (56%). Gender wise distribution shows mild and moderate anemia in 305 (80.9%) and 14 (3.7%) respectively amongst 377 male children; whereas mild anemia and moderate anemia in 305 (80.9%) and 14 (3.7%) respectively amongst 123 female children. In nutshell, prevalence of anemia is prominent in children of age group in different rural parts of Gujarat.

The Reality of Crisis management among public school principals in Hebron Governorate during the Corona pandemic: واقع إدارة الأزمات لدى مديري المدارس الحكومية في محافظة الخليل خلال جائحة كورونا

This study aimed at researching the reality of crisis management among public school principals in the Hebron governorate during the Corona pandemic, and this study was conducted on all public-school principals and principals in the Hebron governorates in the second semester of the academic year 2020/2021 on a sample consisting of (281). As principals, the descriptive approach is used, whereby the study tool that relates to crisis management for government school principals in Hebron Governorate during the Corona pandemic was built: Reality and Obstacles, and the tool’s validity and stability were sure. The study found that the reality of crisis management among public school principals in the Hebron governorate during the Corona pandemic came to a large extent, and the existence of differences in the reality of crisis management among public school principals in the Hebron governorate during the Corona pandemic from the viewpoint of government school principals in the Hebron governorate depending on the educational qualification variable and in favor of the academic qualification Master and above, and according to the variable of the directorate and in favor of the Hebron district, and according to the school gender variable in favor of schools Females by averages. The study found that obstacles to crisis management among public school principals in Hebron Governorate during the Corona pandemic came to a large extent And based on the results of the study, the recommendation: Giving the school director greater powers so that he can cope with any crisis he faces through his work, and work to provide the teaching bodies with training, internet and computers to enable them to work on teaching students according to the distance education programs approved by the ministry, And the participation of school principals in drawing up plans in the directorates and at the level of the ministry, due to their good knowledge of the reality through the nature of their work.

Offensive behaviours against school leaders: Prevalence, perpetrators and mediators in Australian government schools

Offensive behaviour towards school employees is widespread and involves a number of potentially harmful acts. There is evidence that school employees’ experiences of offensive behaviour are shaped by demographic, role and school-based factors that mediate the likelihood of victimisation. However, very few studies have investigated the prevalence and correlates of offensive behaviour against school leaders. This study analysed 13,028 survey responses from the Australia Principal Occupational Health, Safety and Wellbeing survey that were completed between the years 2011 and 2019. The analysis determined the prevalence of bullying, threats of violence and physical violence against government school leaders, the main perpetrators of these offenses and the moderating effects of key socio-demographic factors. Results from the study demonstrated that considerable proportions of Australian government school leaders were subjected to offensive behaviour with an average (pooled) prevalence of 36.2% for bullying, 48.6% for threats of violence and 38.7% for physical violence. School leaders report that students and parents are responsible for most offensive behaviours, but that colleagues also contribute considerably to incidents of bullying. Our findings illustrate that offensive behaviours against Australian school leaders are very high and that particular groups of school leaders are at elevated risk of victimization, especially female school leaders and to a lesser extent assistant principals and those inner or outer regional areas.

Perception and Attitude of Dental Students and Interns Regarding the Diagnosis and Management of Oral Mucosal Lesions and Salivary Glands Hypofunction

Background: The perception and attitude of dental students/graduates regarding diagnosing/managing oral medicine cases are scarcely investigated. Objective: The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the level of confidence in diagnosing/managing cases of oral mucosal lesions and salivary glands hypofunction. Methods: A 29-items questionnaire descriptive survey was distributed among dental interns and sixth-year students in the city of Jeddah during March-April of 2020. Results: A total of 136 (81 interns and 55 sixth-year students) completed the questionnaire, of which 69.9% were from a government school, and 30.1% were from private schools. For oral mucosal lesions [i.e., aphthous/herpes simplex virus ulceration], the majority of government and private schools’ participants reported being confident in their ability to diagnose (88.4% and 87.8%, respectively) and provide treatment (63.2% and 56.1%, respectively). For oral candidiasis, the majority were confident in their ability to diagnose (government: 95.8%; private: 59.1%) and treat (government: 77.9%; private: 65.9%). The confidence in diagnosing lesions suspicious for dysplasia/premalignancy was high in 77.9% of government and 80.5% of private schools. Similar reporting was found regarding salivary hypofunctions (government: 93.7%; private: 90.2%). For the likeness to refer, the majority of participants were likely to refer to oral medicine, as the 1st choice, followed by oral surgery. Conclusion: Dental interns/sixth-year students seemed to have high levels of confidence in diagnosing/managing oral mucosal lesions and salivary hypofunctions. However, the partial participation and the subjectivity of reporting may have hindered capturing the full/precise picture.

Job Satisfaction of Arab Speech-Language Pathologists in Different Work Settings in Kuwait Using the Job Satisfaction Survey

Purpose: Job satisfaction impacts employee work performance, productivity, and retention. We investigated levels of job satisfaction among Arab speech-language pathologists (SLPs) across different work settings in Kuwait. The aims were to determine the differences between work settings for SLPs in terms of job satisfaction and the reasons behind SLPs' migration from one setting to another and to identify the variables that contribute significantly to job satisfaction in each work setting. Method: A 36-item Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) questionnaire was used to evaluate job satisfaction based on responses to a 6-point Likert-type scale distributed to SLPs across school, hospital, and private clinic settings. Overall JSS score and subscale category ratings were computed and compared between different work settings to assess the influence of variables such as pay, promotion, supervision, benefits, and nature of work on job satisfaction among SLPs working in Kuwait. Results: According to JSS normative data, the highest job satisfaction scores were obtained from SLPs working in private clinics, with average satisfaction scores among those working in government, school, and medical settings. The highest job satisfaction scores for supervision, coworkers, and nature of work subscale categories were similar for SLPs in each setting. The lowest satisfaction scores of subscale categories differed between settings: “promotion” in schools, “fringe benefits” in government medical settings, and “operating conditions” in private clinics. Conclusions: While the need exists to attract SLPs to work in government medical settings (hospitals and clinics) in Kuwait, increased opportunity for professional development courses that are relevant to the discipline, and improved communication among SLPs and departmental heads, is necessary to both attract and retain them. Changes in the government setting need to be made in order to prevent the migration of SLPs from government hospitals to private hospitals where they are desperately needed.

MATHEMATICAL ABILITIES AMONG CLASS–III CHILDREN

An attempt was made in the present investigation Mathematical Abilities among Class-III Students. OBJECTIVES: To study the differences between boys and girls on mathematical abilities of class –III students and to examine the differences between government and private school children on mathematical abilities of class-III students. SAMPLE: The sample of the study consists of 120class-III children were purposefully selected form primary schools of Rangareddy district of Andhra Pradesh. Tool: Mathematical abilities test was developed by the researcher. CONCLUSION: There is no signicant difference in their mathematical abilities including all areas. Private school children are high level of mathematical abilities in areas of subtraction, division, basic geometry than government school children. There is no signicant difference in their mathematical abilities in areas of addition and multiplication

Non-communicable diseases risk factors among government school teachers in Jodhpur, Rajasthan

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are considered as life-style diseases. School teachers' behavior in this context could be transmitted to students that may act as determining factor of prevention for NCDs at primordial level. Aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of risk factors among teachers and their practices with respect to common NCDs. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jodhpur among 394 government school teachers. Questionnaire was adopted from WHO STEPS tool and responses were documented which included socio-demographic details, anthropometric measurements and risk factors including diet, hours of physical activity, smoking and alcohol intake. Mean age of participants was 43 years out of which 23% were found to be having blood pressure more than 140/90 mm of Hg at the time of interview. 4.8% consumed alcohol and 1.5% was smokers. Mean body mass index (BMI) was found to be 25.4 while only 13% had their cholesterol checked post 35 years of age. The 23.6% had knowledge of reducing fat by using the right type of cooking oil, 35.7% were engaged in any daily physical activity and 76% knew that excess salt was not good for health. This survey assessed baseline levels by identifying the overall prevalence and associated risk factors that provided first step towards initiating surveillance for NCDs among school teachers in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, whilst delivering the necessary information concerning with developing a suitable framework for determining priorities over intervention.

ATTITUDES OF GOVERNMENT SCHOOL PRINCIPALS TOWARDS INTEGRATING STUDENTS WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES IN NABLUS GOVERNORATE

The study aimed to measure the attitudes of public school principals towards integrating students with motor disabilities in Nablus governorate and to measure the differences in the attitudes of government school principals towards integrating students with mobility disabilities in Nablus Governorate according to the different variables (gender, educational level, experience), and the descriptive survey method was used, and it was The study population consisted of all school principals in Nablus governorate, totaling (267) principals. The questionnaire was randomly distributed to a sample of (167) principals in Nablus governorate, which was statistically analyzed. The study showed the presence of high positive attitudes among public school principals towards integrating students with motor disabilities in Nablus governorate, and the presence of apparent differences in the attitudes of government school principals towards integrating students with motor disabilities in Nablus governorate due to gender in favor of females, and the absence of differences due to educational level and experience Based on the results of the study, it recommends preparing schools in a way that contributes to educating all workers to better accept the idea of inclusion in order to be successful in an optimal manner, and the need to issue legislation by the competent authorities, which guarantees the principle of equal opportunities for the disabled to obtain education, and the necessity of holding courses And workshops for managers in the field of inclusion of the disabled and special methods of dealing with them‎.