Glycosyltransferase UGT76F1 is involved in the temperature-mediated petiole elongation and the BR-mediated hypocotyl growth in Arabidopsis

Abstract Main conclusion Overexpression of pathogen-induced cysteine-rich transmembrane proteins (PCMs) in Arabidopsis thaliana enhances resistance against biotrophic pathogens and stimulates hypocotyl growth, suggesting a potential role for PCMs in connecting both biological processes. Abstract Plants possess a sophisticated immune system to protect themselves against pathogen attack. The defense hormone salicylic acid (SA) is an important player in the plant immune gene regulatory network. Using RNA-seq time series data of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves treated with SA, we identified a largely uncharacterized SA-responsive gene family of eight members that are all activated in response to various pathogens or their immune elicitors and encode small proteins with cysteine-rich transmembrane domains. Based on their nucleotide similarity and chromosomal position, the designated Pathogen-induced Cysteine-rich transMembrane protein (PCM) genes were subdivided into three subgroups consisting of PCM1-3 (subgroup I), PCM4-6 (subgroup II), and PCM7-8 (subgroup III). Of the PCM genes, only PCM4 (also known as PCC1) has previously been implicated in plant immunity. Transient expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana indicated that most PCM proteins localize to the plasma membrane. Ectopic overexpression of the PCMs in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in all eight cases in enhanced resistance against the biotrophic oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Noco2. Additionally, overexpression of PCM subgroup I genes conferred enhanced resistance to the hemi-biotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. The PCM-overexpression lines were found to be also affected in the expression of genes related to light signaling and development, and accordingly, PCM-overexpressing seedlings displayed elongated hypocotyl growth. These results point to a function of PCMs in both disease resistance and photomorphogenesis, connecting both biological processes, possibly via effects on membrane structure or activity of interacting proteins at the plasma membrane.

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Arabidopsis SMAX1 overaccumulation suppresses rosette shoot branching and promotes leaf and petiole elongation

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications ◽

10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 553 ◽

pp. 44-50

Author(s):

Xiujuan Zheng ◽

Xianfeng Yang ◽

Zheng Chen ◽

Wenjia Xie ◽

Xinwu Yue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shoot Branching ◽

Petiole Elongation

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Penetration and growth of compatible and incompatible races of Phytophthora megasperma var. sojae in soybean hypocotyl tissues differing in age

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b80-301 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 58 (24) ◽

pp. 2594-2601 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

P. Stössel ◽

G. Lazarovits ◽

E. W. B. Ward

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Epidermal Cells ◽

Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽

Hypocotyl Growth ◽

Phytophthora Megasperma ◽

Cell Layers ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Incompatible Reaction ◽

Race 4 ◽

Incompatible Interactions

Intact 6-day old soybean hypocotyls (Glycine max L., cv. Altona) were inoculated with zoospores of Phytophthora megasperma Drechs. var. sojae Hildeb. either at the top (susceptible to compatible races, resistant to incompatible races) or the bottom (resistant to both compatible and incompatible races) and, after a 22-h incubation, were examined by light microscopy. Penetration at the top and bottom by both compatible (race 6) and incompatible (race 4) P. megasperma var. sojae was predominantly between anticlinal walls of epidermal cells. Both races, but especially race 4, also penetrated directly into the outer walls of epidermal cells, but epidermal cells rarely were invaded. Both races grew mainly intercellularly, but race 6 produced haustoria more frequently than race 4. Race 6 haustoria at the top of the hypocotyl were usually encased, those of race 4 were not. Growth of both races was equally dense in the first few cell layers, but the numbers of race 4 hyphae decreased rapidly while those of race 6 became more abundant in the deeper layers. With race 4, but not with race 6, most cells in the infected tissue were necrotic. Differences between the compatible and the incompatible interactions were not absolute; there were many unsuccessful invasion attempts by race 6 and individual hyphae of race 4 spread deeply into the tissue. At the bottom of the hypocotyl, growth of both races was more restricted. Race 6 produced fewer haustoria than at the top, and similarities to the incompatible reaction with race 4 at the top suggest that similar mechanisms of resistance may be involved.

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The Elongator complex regulates hypocotyl growth in darkness and during photomorphogenesis

Journal of Cell Science ◽

10.1242/jcs.203927 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 131 (2) ◽

pp. jcs203927 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Magdalena Woloszynska ◽

Olimpia Gagliardi ◽

Filip Vandenbussche ◽

Steven De Groeve ◽

Luis Alonso Baez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hypocotyl Growth ◽

Elongator Complex

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Genetic mapping of natural variation in a shade avoidance response: ELF3 is the candidate gene for a QTL in hypocotyl growth regulation

Journal of Experimental Botany ◽

10.1093/jxb/erq253 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 167-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

M. Paula Coluccio ◽

Sabrina E. Sanchez ◽

Luciana Kasulin ◽

Marcelo J. Yanovsky ◽

Javier F. Botto

Keyword(s):

Genetic Mapping ◽

Candidate Gene ◽

Avoidance Response ◽

Natural Variation ◽

Growth Regulation ◽

Shade Avoidance ◽

Hypocotyl Growth

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Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Impact on Post-Germination Seedling Growth

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v7n12p91 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 91

Author(s):

Charles L. Webber III ◽

Paul M. White Jr ◽

Dwight L. Myers ◽

James W. Shrefler ◽

Merritt J. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽

Green Bean ◽

Hypocotyl Growth ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Radicle Growth ◽

Redroot Pigweed ◽

Mixed Response ◽

The Impact

The chemical interaction between plants, which is referred to as allelopathy, may result in the inhibition of plant growth and development. The objective of this research was to determine the impact of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) plant extracts on the post-germination growth of five plant species. Four concentrations (0, 16.7, 33.3 and 66.7 g/L) of kenaf bark, core, and leaf extracts were applied to the germinated seeds of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). After 7 days, the developing seedlings were measured to determine the length of their hypocotyls (mm) and radicles (mm), and the number of hair roots. Tomato, Italian ryegrass, and redroot pigweed followed similar negative trends in their responses to the extract source (kenaf bark, core, and leaves) and the impact of extract concentration, whereas, cucumber had a mixed response and green bean reacted positively to the kenaf extracts. Tomato was the most sensitive species tested across all kenaf extracts and concentrations, resulting in decreased hypocotyl, radicle, and root growth. Green bean exhibited no negative effects due to the kenaf extracts, but actually produced increased hypocotyl growth as a result of the kenaf bark, core, and leaf extracts. The kenaf extracts resulted in a mixed response for cucumber. The kenaf leaf and bark extract decreased cucumber radicle growth, whereas, the bark and core extracts increased hypocotyl growth. Italian ryegrass hypocotyl growth decreased across all extract sources (bark, core, and leaf), while the leaf extract also reduced root growth. All kenaf extracts reduced redroot pigweed radicle growth, while the core and leaf extracts reduced hypocotyl growth. The research demonstrated that kenaf leaf extracts were the most allelopathic and the hypocotyls were the most sensitive. Future research should isolate the chemicals responsible for both the negative and positive allelopathic impact on the various plant species, determine if the extracts will influence more mature plants, and pursue cultural practices to utilize these natural allelopathic materials to benefit crop production and limit weed competition.

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