scholarly journals Simulation of Extreme Climate Events over China with Different Regional Climate Models

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Jin-Ming ◽  
Wang Yong-Li ◽  
Fu Cong-Bin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Models ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Models ◽  
Extreme Climate Events ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
Climate Events

scholarly journals Preface: Impacts of extreme climate events and disturbances on carbon dynamics

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3665-3675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingfeng Xiao ◽  
Shuguang Liu ◽  
Paul C. Stoy
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Carbon Dynamics ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Flux ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Extreme Climate Events ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
Climate Events

Abstract. The impacts of extreme climate events and disturbances (ECE&D) on the carbon cycle have received growing attention in recent years. This special issue showcases a collection of recent advances in understanding the impacts of ECE&D on carbon cycling. Notable advances include quantifying how harvesting activities impact forest structure, carbon pool dynamics, and recovery processes; observed drastic increases of the concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and dissolved methane in thermokarst lakes in western Siberia during a summer warming event; disentangling the roles of herbivores and fire on forest carbon dioxide flux; direct and indirect impacts of fire on the global carbon balance; and improved atmospheric inversion of regional carbon sources and sinks by incorporating disturbances. Combined, studies herein indicate several major research needs. First, disturbances and extreme events can interact with one another, and it is important to understand their overall impacts and also disentangle their effects on the carbon cycle. Second, current ecosystem models are not skillful enough to correctly simulate the underlying processes and impacts of ECE&D (e.g., tree mortality and carbon consequences). Third, benchmark data characterizing the timing, location, type, and magnitude of disturbances must be systematically created to improve our ability to quantify carbon dynamics over large areas. Finally, improving the representation of ECE&D in regional climate/earth system models and accounting for the resulting feedbacks to climate are essential for understanding the interactions between climate and ecosystem dynamics.

scholarly journals Geologic evidence for an icehouse Earth before the Sturtian global glaciation

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (24) ◽  
pp. eaay6647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. MacLennan ◽  
Michael P. Eddy ◽  
Arthur J. Merschat ◽  
Akshay K. Mehra ◽  
Peter W. Crockford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Models ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Snowball Earth ◽  
Extreme Climate Events ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
Current Climate ◽  
Felsic Volcanic ◽  
Climate Events ◽  
Global Glaciation ◽  
Cool Climate

Snowball Earth episodes, times when the planet was covered in ice, represent the most extreme climate events in Earth’s history. Yet, the mechanisms that drive their initiation remain poorly constrained. Current climate models require a cool Earth to enter a Snowball state. However, existing geologic evidence suggests that Earth had a stable, warm, and ice-free climate before the Neoproterozoic Sturtian global glaciation [ca. 717 million years (Ma) ago]. Here, we present eruption ages for three felsic volcanic units interbedded with glaciolacustrine sedimentary rocks from southwest Virginia, USA, that demonstrate that glacially influenced sedimentation occurred at tropical latitudes ca. 751 Ma ago. Our findings are the first geologic evidence of a cool climate teetering on the edge of global glaciation several million years before the Sturtian Snowball Earth.

Regional Climate Scenarios for use in Nordic Water Resources Studies

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 399-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rummukainen ◽  
J. Räisänen ◽  
D. Bjørge ◽  
J.H. Christensen ◽  
O.B. Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Models ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Soil Frost ◽  
Nordic Region ◽  
Regional Climate Projections

According to global climate projections, a substantial global climate change will occur during the next decades, under the assumption of continuous anthropogenic climate forcing. Global models, although fundamental in simulating the response of the climate system to anthropogenic forcing are typically geographically too coarse to well represent many regional or local features. In the Nordic region, climate studies are conducted in each of the Nordic countries to prepare regional climate projections with more detail than in global ones. Results so far indicate larger temperature changes in the Nordic region than in the global mean, regional increases and decreases in net precipitation, longer growing season, shorter snow season etc. These in turn affect runoff, snowpack, groundwater, soil frost and moisture, and thus hydropower production potential, flooding risks etc. Regional climate models do not yet fully incorporate hydrology. Water resources studies are carried out off-line using hydrological models. This requires archived meteorological output from climate models. This paper discusses Nordic regional climate scenarios for use in regional water resources studies. Potential end-users of water resources scenarios are the hydropower industry, dam safety instances and planners of other lasting infrastructure exposed to precipitation, river flows and flooding.

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