scholarly journals Qualitative methods of road traffic crash research in low- and middle-income countries: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-199
Author(s):  
Benjamin D. Holmes ◽  
Kristin Haglund ◽  
Kristin M. M. Beyer ◽  
Laura D. Cassidy
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Crash ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Traffic Crash ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Strengthening the Capacity of Emergency Medical Services in Low and Middle Income Countries using Dispatcher-Coordinated Taxis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (9) ◽  
pp. 338-345
Author(s):  
Vipul Mishra ◽  
Richa Ahuja ◽  
N. Nezamuddin ◽  
Geetam Tiwari ◽  
Kavi Bhalla
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Emergency Medical Services ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Road Traffic Crash ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Low And Middle Income

International standards recommend provision of one ambulance for every 50,000 people to fulfill demand for transporting patients to definitive care facilities in low and middle income countries (LMICs). Governments’ consistent attempt to build capacity of emergency medical services (EMS) in LMICs has been financially demanding. This study is an attempt to assess the feasibility of capacity building of existing EMS in Delhi, India by using taxis as an alternative mode of transport for emergency transportation of road traffic crash victims to enable improvement in response time for road traffic crashes where time criticality is deemed important. Performance of the proposed system is evaluated based on response time, coverage and distance. The system models the performance and quantifies the taxi–ambulance configuration for achieving EMS performance within international standards.

scholarly journals Prevention of childhood unintentional injuries in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243464
Author(s):  
Anna Tupetz ◽  
Kaitlyn Friedman ◽  
Duan Zhao ◽  
Huipeng Liao ◽  
Megan Von Isenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Unintentional Injuries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Injuries are a leading cause of death and disability among children. Numerous injury prevention strategies have been successful in high-income countries, but the majority of unintentional injuries happen to children living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This project aims to delineate the childhood injury prevention initiatives in LMICs. For inclusion, peer-reviewed articles needed to address unintentional injury, include children <18, assess a prevention-related intervention, contain a control group, and be published after 1988. Two pairs of reviewers evaluated articles independently to determine study eligibility. 74 articles were included. 30 studies addressed road traffic injuries, 11 drowning, 8 burns, 3 falls, 8 poisonings, and 21 an unspecified injury type. The findings show positive effects on injury outcome measures following educational interventions, the need for longer follow-up periods after the intervention, the need for effectiveness trials for behavior change, and the need for an increase in injury prevention services in LMICs. This is the first systematic review to summarize the prevention initiatives for all types of childhood unintentional injuries in LMICs. Increased attention and funding are required to go beyond educational initiatives with self-reported measures and little follow-up time to robust interventions that will reduce the global burden of unintentional injuries among children.

244 Traumatic Brain Injury Related Paediatric Mortality and Morbidity in Low- And Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Bandyopadhyay ◽  
M Kawka ◽  
K Marks ◽  
G Richards ◽  
E Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Aim Three million cases of paediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) occur annually, the majority of which occur in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). However, there is a paucity of data on the outcomes of pTBI available. We aimed to systematically review and synthesise the reported morbidity and mortality from pTBI in the published literature about LMICs. Method A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, and Global Index Medicus were searched for relevant articles from January 2000 to May 2020. Observational or experimental studies on pTBI (individuals between the ages of 0 to 16 years) in LMICs were included. Morbidity data were descriptively analysed, and a random-effects model was used to pool mortality rates. PROSPERO ID: CRD42020171276. Results We included 145 studies from 38 countries representing 174073 patients with pTBI. Males were twice (95% CI: 1.6 – 2.4) as likely to have a pTBI than females. Where available, mild TBI represented ≥ 60% of all pTBI cases in most reports (n = 24/43, 56%). The commonest cited cause of pTBI was road traffic accidents (n = 16643/43083, 39%), followed by falls (n = 10927/43083, 25%). 4385 patients (n = 4385/18092, 24%) had a reduction from normal function on discharge. On average, there were 6.7 deaths per 100 cases of pTBI. Conclusions Only 38 LMICs have published data on the volume and burden of pTBI in their country. Limited data available suggests that young male children are at a high-risk of pTBIs in LMICs, particularly from road traffic accidents.

Economic Evaluation of Interventions to Reduce Road Traffic injuries - A Review of the Literature with Applications to Low and Middie-income Countries

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.R. Waters ◽  
A.A. Hyder ◽  
T.L. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Road Traffic Injuries ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs) kill over one million people worldwide annually. This article takes the perspective of economic costs and benefits to review the impact of available road safety interventions in industrialized countries - and the potential effect of these interventions in low and middle-income countries, where RTIs pose an increasingly large public health problem. A comprehensive review of the literature on cost-benefits and cost-effectiveness studies related to road traffic injuries internationally, with comparisons of costs adjusted for inflation and exchange differentials was conducted. In the United States (US), motor vehicle inspection laws resulted in annual savings of US $1.7 to $2.3 billion. The installation of seatbelts results in net savings of $162 per vehicle; with benefits outweighing costs by a factor ranging from 240 to 1,727. Other cost effective interventions include mandatory seatbelt use, lowering speed limits, motorcycle helmet laws, and traffic calming devices such as speed bumps and road deviations. The dearth of similar economic evaluations of interventions for road traffic injuries in low and middle-income countries represents a serious research gap and hinders the implementation of effective strategies in those countries. Asia Pac J Public Health 2004; 16(1): 23-31.

scholarly journals Development of the ‘REadiness SElf-assessment (RESEA) guide’ to assist low and middle-income countries with establishing safe and sustainable radiotherapy services: a pragmatic sequential mixed qualitative methods project

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Donkor ◽  
Tim Luckett ◽  
Sanchia Aranda ◽  
Verna Vanderpuye ◽  
Jane L. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
World Health ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background Improving access to radiotherapy services in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) is challenging. Many LMICs’ radiotherapy initiatives fail because of multi-faceted barriers leading to significant wastage of scarce resources. Supporting LMICs to self-assess their readiness for establishing radiotherapy services will help to improve cancer outcomes by ensuring safe, effective and sustainable evidenced-based cancer care. The aim of the study was to develop practical guidance for LMICs on self-assessing their readiness to establish safe and sustainable radiotherapy services. Methods The Access to Radiotherapy for Cancer treatment (ARC) Project was a pragmatic sequential mixed qualitative methods design underpinned by the World Health Organisation’s ‘Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions Framework’ and ‘Health System Building Blocks Framework for Action’ conceptual frameworks. This paper reports on the process of overall data integration and meta-inference from previously published components comprising a systematic review and two-part qualitative study (semi-structured interviews and a participant validation process). The meta-inferences enabled a series of radiotherapy readiness self-assessment requirements to be generated, formalised as a REadiness SElf-Assessment (RESEA) Guide’ for use by LMICs. Findings The meta-inferences identified a large number of factors that acted as facilitators and/or barriers, depending on the situation, which include: awareness and advocacy; political leadership; epidemiological data; financial resources; basic physical infrastructure; radiation safety legislative and regulatory framework; project management; and radiotherapy workforce training and education. ‘Commitment’, ‘cooperation’, ‘capacity’ and ‘catalyst’ were identified as the key domains enabling development of radiotherapy services. Across these four domains, the RESEA Guide included 37 requirements and 120 readiness questions that LMICs need to consider and answer as part of establishing a new radiotherapy service. Conclusions The RESEA Guide provides a new resource for LMICs to self-assess their capacity to establish safe and sustainable radiotherapy services. Future evaluation of the acceptability and feasibility of the RESEA Guide is needed to inform its validity. Further work, including field study, is needed to inform further refinements. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses are required to reduce the data set and test the fit of the four-factor structure (commitment, cooperation, capacity and catalyst) found in the current study.

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