Harmonization in Multicultural Community Life

This study aims to define the interaction and tolerance of Hindus and Muslims in the life of a multicultural society. A socio-cultural approach related to local wisdom is used in this study. The application of qualitative methods with observation and in-depth interviews was used as a means of collecting data and information. Theories about multiculturalism were used to analyze the data. Azra (2007) states that multiculturalism is an understanding of life that puts forward togetherness on the principle of difference, whether religious, political, or ethnic differences. This study found that community life in Serangan Village, South Denpasar District, which consists of six banjars (village community organization) namely Banjar Ponjok, Banjar Tengah, Banjar Kaja, Banjar Peken, Banjar Kawan, and Banjar Dukuh, and an environment called Kampung Bugis Environment goes hand in hand in harmonious situation and condition. This research is expected to strengthen the understanding of multiculturalism for Indonesians who comes from hundreds of ethnicities with multi-variety languages, cultures, customs, traditions, and beliefs. The results of the research are also expected to have contributed to increasing the sense and value of nationalism towards the nation and the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.

Strategi Pemimpin dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pondok Pesantren Zulhijjah Muara Bulian

This research aims to analyze the strategy of leaders in improving the quality of education in Zulhijjah Muara Bulian boarding school. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods. Data collection is done through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis uses data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions, and verification. The results showed kiai has four roles, in improving the quality of education, namely educators, administrators, managers, and supervisors. Improving the quality of education is done by pursuing the welfare of teachers and contributing thought to the progress of the region and able to become cadres of scholars who will lead the ummah in the future by maintaining educational inputs, processes, and outputs.

Pengembangan Pendidikan Formal: Studi Kebijakan Kepemimpinan Kiai di Pondok Pesantren Tarbiyatul Ummah Muaro Jambi

This research is based on a strong tendency in pesantren to consolidate institutional organizations, particularly on aspects of leadership and management. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods by reviewing the kiai leadership policy in the development of formal education at SMP IT Pondok Pesantren Tarbiyatul Ummah Muaro Jambi. The results showed that kiai policy in the development of formal education was carried out by adjusting the conditions of boarding schools and considering various ideas / suggestions to be mutually agreed upon. While in formulating its policy, kiai involves all administrators of educational institutions and gives authority to implement policies that have been decided. The implementation of the policy is socialized through meetings with institutions to strengthen the flow of information on the policies to be implemented.

Hitting the target and missing the point? On the risks of measuring women’s empowerment in agricultural development

There is a strong impetus in international agricultural development to close ‘gender gaps’ in agricultural productivity. The goal of empowering women is often framed as the solution to closing these gaps, stimulating the proliferation of new indicators and instruments for the targeting, measurement, and tracking of programmatic goals in research for agricultural development. Despite these advances, current measurements and indices remain too simplified in terms of unit and scope of analysis, as well as being fundamentally flawed in how they aim to capture the relevance of ‘gender’ in diverse local contexts. We propose that the impulse to apply exogenously defined and weakly validated ‘women’s empowerment’ measures to diverse local contexts risks prioritizing practical expedience over scientific accuracy and societal relevance. Furthermore, the application of such measures risks creating the impression that programmatic “gender targets” are being achieved, while simultaneously undermining substantive gender transformative goals. The authors conclude that a different methodological approach grounded in participatory and qualitative methods is needed to create more meaningful metrics for assessing progress towards women’s empowerment.

Bisnis ikan asin dan dampaknya terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat Sungai Pauh Langsa Barat

The salted fish business is one of the businesses located in Gampong Sungai Pauh, West Langsa District, Langsa City. This study aims to determine the income and welfare of salted fish processing workers in Gampong Sungai Pauh, West Langsa District. This research is a field research with descriptive qualitative methods. The sample consisted of 15 people. Sources of data used are primary and secondary data obtained by data collection methods through observation, interviews, and documentation.With the salted fish processing, salted fish processing workers' income has increased slightly, so that the life of salted fish processing workers is helped economically, such as being able to eat three times a day, buying clothes even once a year. Salted fish processing workers can be categorized as not prosperous, but economically, salted fish processing workers are greatly helped, if before working in salted fish processing, salted fish processing workers can only eat once a day but after working in salted fish processing, salted fish processing workers can eat. three times a day, buy at least one set of clothes, repair the damaged walls of the house.

The Counterfactual Definition of a Program Effect

Evaluators are often called upon to assess the effects of programs. To assess a program effect, evaluators need a clear understanding of how a program effect is defined. Arguably, the most widely used definition of a program effect is the counterfactual one. According to the counterfactual definition, a program effect is the difference between what happened after the program was implemented and what would have happened if the program had not been implemented, but everything else had been the same. Such a definition is often said to be linked to the use of quantitative methods. But the definition can be used just as effectively with qualitative methods. To demonstrate its broad applicability in both qualitative and quantitative research, I show how the counterfactual definition undergirds seven common approaches to assessing effects. It is not clear how any alternative to the counterfactual definition is as generally applicable as the counterfactual definition.

Use of Acronyms and Slang among Adolescents on Social Media

This research is related to the use of acronyms and slang by teenagers in social media such as Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp. In this case, this research on the use of acronyms and slang in social media aims to find out the slang terms used by teenagers on social media and also describes a slang found in social media such as Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp. Then, it describes the meaning of slang contained in the social media and examples of slang sentences used by teenagers everyday on social media. This research is classified as a qualitative research type because in this research it tries to examine social phenomena in an atmosphere that takes place naturally and naturally. In analyzing the data, the researcher used qualitative methods with reading and documentation techniques. After that, some data can be found in the form of utterances or words that come from interactions between adolescents on social media. The results showed that, there were 25 examples of acronyms and 25 slang terms found by researchers in social media such as Facebook, Instagram and Whatsapp.

Perubahan Agama Minahasa dan Kekristenan dalam Konstruksi Perjumpaan Simbol Sakral pada Ritual di Watu Pinawetengan

This article aims to explore the conversion of Minahasa and Christianity religion through mutually constructed efforts carried out by the community of ritual practitioners in Watu Pinawetengan. This research focuses on the mutual change between Minahasa religion and Christianity in rituals through the construction of a symbolic encounter by the ritual-playing community at Watu Pinawetengan. For ritual practitioners, Watu Pinawetengan is a sacred place Tou Minahasa (Minahasa man) that is located in North Sulawesi Province, Minahasa Regency. Individuals in a community construct the meaning of each symbol, thus creating a paradigm of religion. Sacred symbols refer to the essence of a belief in religion, so it is crucial in describing the existence of a religion. The data is taken through the use of qualitative methods by conducting observations, interviews, library studies, and documentary studies. The findings of this study show that changes in sacred symbols in rituals have been constructed in Minahasa and Christian discourses, resulting in a mutual change in both religions. Change occurs dialectically and is strengthened by the legitimacy of the ancestral spirit.AbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan untuk menggali perubahan agama Minahasa dan Kristen melalui upaya saling mengonstruksi yang dilakukan oleh komunitas pelaku ritual di Watu Pinawetengan. Fokus penelitian pada perubahan bersama, antara agama Minahasa dan Kristen dalam ritual melalui konstruksi perjumpaan simbol oleh komunitas pelaku ritual di Watu Pinawetengan. Bagi pelaku ritual, Watu Pinawetengan merupakan tempat sakral Tou Minahasa (manusia Minahasa) yang berada di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara, Kabupaten Minahasa. Individu-individu dalam komunitas mengonstruksi makna dari setiap simbol sehingga menciptakan paradigma fundamen tentang agama. Simbol sakral merujuk pada esensi dari suatu kepercayaan dalam agama, sehingga bersifat krusial dalam menggambarkan eksistensi suatu agama. Data diambil melalui penggunaan metode kualitatif dengan melakukan observasi, wawancara, studi pustaka, dan studi dokumenter. Temuan dari studi ini memperlihatkan perubahan simbol sakral dalam ritual telah dikonstruksi dalam diskursus agama Minahasa dan Kristen, sehingga mengakibatkan perubahan bersama pada kedua agama tersebut. Perubahan terjadi secara dialektis dan diperkuat dengan legitimasi roh leluhur.

Shahadah 'Ilmy; Integrating Fiqh and Astronomy Paradigm in Determining The Arrival of Lunar Months in Indonesia

Formulating the fixed methodology for determining the beginning of Ramadan month and Islamic Feast in Indonesia is still ongoing. This article attempts to offer an integration between sharia and scientific views through 1) the concept of shahadah (witnessing) in the paradigm of fiqh and astronomy, and 2) the integration of those paradigms in determining the beginning of lunar months, particularly Ramadan and Syawal. This study uses qualitative methods in gaining the data then analyzes it using the approach of Miles & Huberman on interdisciplinary study. The findings of this research are as follows: 1) the concept of shahadah in the paradigm of fiqh is based on religious vows and factual evidence, while the astronomical paradigm perceives it from the certainty of external factors (weather, climate, environment, etc.). 2) Integration of those two paradigms results in better methods. It can turn the shahadah into the quality of qat'i (fixed) while the astronomic perspective gains more legitimacy. The integration is therefore called shahadah-'ilmi which potentially integrates the criteria of crescent visibility (imkan al-rukyah) in Indonesia to minimize the common occurrence on differences in determining those days. (Penetapan awal bulan Ramadhan dan Hari Raya di Indonesia masih terus dirumuskan metodologinya. Artikel ini menawarkan integrasi antara sudut pandang syari’ah dan saintifik melalui kajian atas 1) konsep syahadah dalam paradigma fiqh dan astronomi, 2) integrasi paradigma fiqh dan astronomi dalam menetapkan awal bulan Islam, utamanya Ramadhan dan Syawal. Penelitian ini menggali data dengan metode kualitatif kemudian menganalisisnya dengan pendekatan Miles & Huberman tentang kajian interdisipliner. Temuan penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: 1) Konsep shahadah dalam paradigma fiqh adalah penglihatan yang disertai dengan sumpah dan bukti faktual, sementara dalam paradigma astronomi, shahadah didasarkan pada kepastian ukuran dari faktor–faktor eksternal meliputi cuaca, iklim dan lingkungan. 2) Integrasi dua paradigma tersebut menghasilkan metode yang lebih baik dalam penentuan awal Ramadhan dan Syawal. Shahadah dalam sudut pandang fiqh berubah menjadi qath’i (pasti), sementara hasil persaksian astronomi semakin memperoleh legitimasi. Integrasi kedua paradigma melahirkan konsep shahadah-'ilmi yang dapat digunakan untuk menentukan tampaknya hilal (rukyah hilal) awal Ramadhan dan Syawal di Indonesia sehingga perbedaan yang kerap terjadi dalam menentukan dua awal bulan tersebut dapat diminalisir.)