Is overall similarity classification less effortful than single-dimension classification?

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy J. Wills ◽  
Fraser Milton ◽  
Christopher A. Longmore ◽  
Sarah Hester ◽  
Jo Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Single Dimension ◽  
Similarity Classification

Reliability and Validity of the Parent form of the Social Competence Scale in Chinese Preschoolers

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Xue Ke ◽  
Xiaoyan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Social Competence ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Student Teacher ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Single Dimension ◽  
Student Teacher Relationship ◽  
The Social ◽  
Competence Scale ◽  
High Internal Consistency

The Parent Form of the Social Competence Scale (SCS–PF) was translated into Chinese and validated in a sample of Chinese preschool children ( N = 443). Results confirmed a single dimension and high internal consistency in the SCS–PF. Mothers' ratings on the SCS–PF correlated moderately with teachers' ratings on the Teacher Form of the Social Competence Scale and weakly with teachers' ratings on the Student–Teacher Relationship Scale.

scholarly journals Information-Efficient, Off-Center Sampling Results in Improved Precision in 3D Single-Particle Tracking Microscopy

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Kevin Welsher
Keyword(s):  
Fisher Information ◽  
Particle Tracking ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Single Particle Tracking ◽  
Uniform Sampling ◽  
Single Dimension ◽  
3D Localization ◽  
Particle Localization

In this work, we present a 3D single-particle tracking system that can apply tailored sampling patterns to selectively extract photons that yield the most information for particle localization. We demonstrate that off-center sampling at locations predicted by Fisher information utilizes photons most efficiently. When performing localization in a single dimension, optimized off-center sampling patterns gave doubled precision compared to uniform sampling. A ~20% increase in precision compared to uniform sampling can be achieved when a similar off-center pattern is used in 3D localization. Here, we systematically investigated the photon efficiency of different emission patterns in a diffraction-limited system and achieved higher precision than uniform sampling. The ability to maximize information from the limited number of photons demonstrated here is critical for particle tracking applications in biological samples, where photons may be limited.

Reducing Molecular Shuttling to a Single Dimension

2000 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 358-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Leigh ◽  
Alessandro Troisi ◽  
Francesco Zerbetto
Keyword(s):  
Single Dimension

Quantifying the Relation Between Speech Quality and Speech Intelligibility

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 714-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill E. Preminger ◽  
Dianne J. Van Tasell
Keyword(s):  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Speech Quality ◽  
Category Rating ◽  
Single Dimension ◽  
Quality Dimensions ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Quality Measurements

The purpose of the present research was to examine the relation between speech quality and speech intelligibility. Speech quality measurements were made using continuous discourse and a category rating procedure for the following dimensions: intelligibility, pleasantness, loudness, effort, and total impression. Measurements were made using a group of listeners with normal hearing for a set of stimulus conditions in which intelligibility varied, and for a set of stimulus conditions in which intelligibility was held constant near 100%. When ratings were made for a set of stimulus conditions in which intelligibility was allowed to vary (a) intersubject reliability was high (i.e., different listeners interpreted the dimensions in a similar manner); and (b) the speech quality dimensions of intelligibility, effort, and loudness were indistinguishable. When ratings were made for a set of stimulus conditions in which intelligibility was held constant (a) intersubject reliability was reduced, indicating that different listeners interpreted the dimensions in different ways; (b) most listeners rated each dimension differently, indicating that the dimensions were unique; and (c) across listeners, no single dimension was highly correlated with total impression. These results can be used in order to examine the relation between speech quality and speech intelligibility.

scholarly journals Beyond good and bad: Varieties of moral judgment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Jimenez-Leal ◽  
Samuel Murray ◽  
Santiago Amaya ◽  
Sergio Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Moral Rights ◽  
Character Traits ◽  
Moral Conflicts ◽  
Single Dimension ◽  
The Common ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

We argue that people regularly encounter situations characterized by the presence of moral conflicts among permissible options. These scenarios, which some have called morally charged situations, reflect perceived tensions between moral expectations and moral rights. Studying responses to such situations marks a departure from the common emphasis on sacrificial dilemmas and widespread use of single-dimension measures. In 6 experiments (n=1607), we show that people use a wide conceptual arsenal when assessing actions that can be described as suberogatory (bad but permissible) or supererogatory (good but not required). In Experiment 1 we find that people freely describe actions as suberogatory or supererogatory. Experiment 2 shows that they differentially assess these actions in terms of how permissible, optional, and good they considered them. Experiment 3 tests the use of these evaluative dimensions with sacrificial dilemmas. We found that differences between these categories did not emerge when people respond to dilemmas, even when controlling for trait utilitarian tendencies. By including judgments of blameworthiness and sanction, Experiments 4 and 5 provided additional evidence of the richness sub/super erogatory evaluations. In Experiment 6 people offered their own explanations of their responses. Qualitative analyses revealed that they frequently appeal to character traits, the presence of rights, and the absence of explicit duties. Taken together these results suggest a richer spectrum of both situations and concepts relevant to characterize moral judgment than moral psychologists up to this point have generally recognized. (First three authors contributed equally)

scholarly journals Altruism and Malevolence: Opposite Ends of a Single Dimension

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H.B. McAuliffe ◽  
Michael E. McCullough ◽  
Debra Lieberman
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Standard Measure ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sexual History ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Single Dimension ◽  
Personality Correlates ◽  
History Of

Although the possibility sounds paradoxical, several studies have found that positive and negative regard for others’ welfare are orthogonal and have unique personality correlates. We tested whether this result is an artefact of treating the oft-used self-report altruism scale (SRA) as unidimensional. In a pilot study of students and community-dwelling adults (N = 276, 190 women; Meanage = 21.67, SDage = 7.49), we factor analyzed the SRA. We confirmed its factor structure in a study of Mechanical Turk workers (N = 814; 410 women; Meanage = 36.6, SDage = 11.19). Using an S-1 bifactor model, we created a “gold standard” general altruism factor composed of idiographic, behavioral, and questionnaire measures. We used structural equation modeling to assess how the SRA and the gold standard measure relate to gender, sexual history, and malevolence. The SRA contained three factors across both studies. The factor that accounted for the most variance positively correlated with sadism and psychopathy, a history of uncommitted sex, and being male. The other two SRA factors and the gold standard measure generally evinced the opposite associations. In conclusion, regard for other’s welfare is likely a single dimension of personality with a unified nomological network.

Division of Attention: Evidence for a Between-Trial Component of Impaired Performance

1977 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Long
Keyword(s):  
Divided Attention ◽  
Memory Trace ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Experimental Control ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Set Size ◽  
Single Dimension ◽  
Response Interval ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
Detection And Recognition

Detection and recognition studies are reviewed, which show a dependency between errors on successive trials. They suggest the impairment accompanying the presentation of simultaneous signals may also involve a similar “between-trial” component. The hypothesis was tested using a two-choice recognition paradigm with bimodal signals. Dimensions presented simultaneously were interleaved on alternate trials with a single dimension presented alone. Interleaving two signals in the first experiment showed no effect on the following signal presented alone, compared to a control condition in which the signal always preceded itself. Interleaving four signals in the second experiment produced a significant impairment. Accounts of the results based on the length of the response interval, fluctuations of state variables such as arousal and decay of the memory trace are rejected. Accounts based on the impairment and set-size of preceding simultaneous signals are retained. Both suppose part of the impairment accompanying simultaneous signals to be a between-trial phenomenon. Implications of the results for work on divided-attention are considered and a method of experimental control proposed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document