The role of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in the placenta: a growing research field

: Among the gut microbiota’s newly explored roles in human biology is the ability to modify the chemical structures of foreign compounds (xenobiotics). A growing body of evidence has now provided sufficient acumen on the role of the gut microbiota on xenobiotic metabolism, which could have an intense impact on the therapy for various diseases in the future. Gut microbial xenobiotic metabolites have altered bioavailability, bioactivity and toxicity and can intervene with the actions of human xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes to affect the destiny of other ingested molecules. These modifications are diverse and could lead to physiologically important consequences. : In the current manuscript we aim to review the data currently available on how the gut microbiota directly modifies drugs, dietary compounds, chemicals, pollutants, pesticides and herbal supplements.

Download Full-text

Effects of Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) and Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) enriched diet on xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in female rat livers

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-0028-1083956 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 74 (09) ◽

Author(s):

H Martin ◽

H Figard-Fabre ◽

N Chernine ◽

A Berthelot ◽

L Richert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sesamum Indicum ◽

Humulus Lupulus ◽

Female Rat ◽

Metabolizing Enzymes ◽

Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzymes ◽

Humulus Lupulus L ◽

Rat Livers

Download Full-text

STEROID HORMONE METABOLISM IN RESPONSIVE TISSUES IN VITRO

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.068s279 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 68 (1_Suppl) ◽

pp. S279-S294 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Paul Robel

Keyword(s):

Steroid Hormone ◽

Physiological Activity ◽

Physiological State ◽

Target Cells ◽

Target Tissue ◽

Hormone Metabolism ◽

Metabolizing Enzymes ◽

Relationship Of

ABSTRACT Of the information available on steroid hormone metabolism in responsive tissues, only that relating hormone metabolism to physiological activity is reviewed, i. e. metabolite activity in isolated in vitro systems, binding of metabolites to target tissue receptors, specific steroid hormone metabolizing enzymes and relationship of hormone metabolism to target organ physiological state. Further, evidence is presented in the androgen field, demonstrating 5α-reduced metabolites, formed inside the target cells, as active compounds. This has led to a consideration of testosterone as a »prehormone«. The possibility that similar events take place in tissues responding to progesterone is discussed. Finally, the role of hormone metabolism in the regulation of hormone availability and/or renewal in target cells is discussed. In this context, reference is made to the potential role of plasma binding proteins and cytosol receptors.

Download Full-text

Effects of short-term saffron (Crocus sativus L.) intake on the in vivo activities of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in healthy volunteers

Food and Chemical Toxicology ◽

10.1016/j.fct.2019.05.013 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 130 ◽

pp. 32-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elias Begas ◽

Maria Bounitsi ◽

Thomas Kilindris ◽

Evangelos Kouvaras ◽

Konstantinos Makaritsis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Crocus Sativus ◽

Short Term ◽

Metabolizing Enzymes ◽

Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzymes ◽

Crocus Sativus L

Download Full-text

A Study on the Integration of Resilience and Smart City Concepts in Urban Systems

Infrastructures ◽

10.3390/infrastructures6020024 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 24

Author(s):

Anastasia Tzioutziou ◽

Yiannis Xenidis

Keyword(s):

Smart City ◽

Research Field ◽

Urban Systems ◽

City Management ◽

Urban Resilience ◽

Continuous Growth ◽

Management And Development ◽

The Many ◽

Development And Management

The continuous growth of cities brings out various concerns for improved development and management of the multifaceted urban systems, including those of resilience and smartness. Despite the many significant efforts in the research field, both notions remain changeable, thus retaining the lack of commonly accepted conceptual and terminological frameworks. The paper’s research goals are to designate the current direct and indirect links in the conceptualizations and research trends of the resilience and smart city frameworks and to prove the potential of the conceptual convergence between them in the context of urban systems. The application of a semi-systematic literature review, including bibliometric evidence and followed by content analysis, has led to the observation that as the resilience discourse opens up to embrace other dimensions, including technology, the smart city research turns its interest to the perspective of urban protection. Therefore, both concepts share the goal for urban sustainability realized through specific capacities and processes and operationalized with the deployment of technology. The paper’s findings suggest that the conceptual and operational foundations of these two concepts could support the emergence of an integrated framework. Such a prospect acknowledges the instrumental role of the smart city approach in the pursuit of urban resilience and unfolds a new model for sustainable city management and development.

Download Full-text