Seed mass, seed number and evolutionary trade-off across geographic distribution: do they explain invasiveness in Eschscholzia californica, central Chile?

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
Daniel Zamorano ◽  
Ramiro O. Bustamante
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Eschscholzia Californica

scholarly journals Glyphosate Resistance in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenneL.) is Associated with a Fitness Penalty

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Yanniccari ◽  
Martín Vila-Aiub ◽  
Carolina Istilart ◽  
Horacio Acciaresi ◽  
Ana M. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Selection Effect ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Weed Species

The net selection effect of herbicides on herbicide-resistance traits in weeds is conditioned by the fitness benefits and costs associated with resistance alleles. Fitness costs play an important evolutionary role preventing the fixation of adaptive alleles and contributing to the maintenance of genetic polymorphisms within populations. Glyphosate is widely used in world agriculture, which has led to the evolution of widespread glyphosate resistance in many weed species. The fitness of glyphosate-resistant and -susceptible perennial ryegrass plants selected from within a single population were studied in two field experiments conducted during 2011 and 2012 under different soil water availability. Glyphosate-resistant plants showed a reduction in height of 12 and 16%, leaf blade area of 16 and 33%, shoot biomass of 45 and 55%, seed number of 33 and 53%, and total seed mass of 16 and 5% compared to glyphosate-susceptible plants in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The reduction in seed number per plant resulted in a 40% fitness cost associated with the glyphosate-resistance trait in perennial ryegrass. Fitness costs of glyphosate-resistant plants were expressed under both conditions of water availability. These results could be useful for designing management strategies and exploiting the reduced glyphosate-resistant perennial ryegrass fitness in the absence of glyphosate selection.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF MANGABEIRA TREES AND FRUITS IN THE SAVANNAH-RESTINGA TRANSITION ZONE

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
LARISSA DE PAULA VIANA DA SILVA ◽  
JOSÉ RIBAMAR GUSMÃO ARAUJO ◽  
ARIADNE ENES ROCHA ◽  
MARY JANE NUNES CARVALHO ◽  
HEDER BRAUN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Volume Number ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Hancornia Speciosa ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
Vegetation Transition

ABSTRACT Brazil is the third largest fruit producer in the world, but many native fruits remain underexploited, as is the case for mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes). Little is known about general aspects of this species in its naturally occurring environment. Thus, this study aimed to characterize plant and fruit morphologies from native mangabeira selections in the Savannah-Restinga vegetation transition zone. The experiment was carried out in Patizal, Recanto and Recurso villages located in the Morros municipality, Maranhão State, dominated by extensive Savannah-Restinga vegetation transition zone with naturally occurring mangabeiras. Forty five mangabeira trees were randomly chosen from native selections in the three villages. Data collected were plant height, stem height, stem diameter, canopy volume, number of main and secondary branches and number of fruits. Twenty fruits were collected per plant to determine the mass, length and diameter, pulp and skin mass, pulp yield, seed number and seed mass. There was a high degree of variability for all assessed variables except for the pulp yield (average = 86.69%, minimum = 76.75% and maximum = 91.11%; CV= 3.51%). Significant and positive high magnitude correlations were noted among the variables of fruit mass and pulp mass plus skin with seed number (r=0,01; ?=0,78 e ?=0,74, respectively).

scholarly journals Batrachyla taeniata (Girard, 1855): filling the distribution gap and describing a new type of habitat for this species in central Chile

Check List ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1917
Author(s):  
Soledad Puente-Torres ◽  
Javier A. Simonetti
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
New Type

We report a new locality for Batrachyla taeniata, which fills a 290 km gap in its geographic distribution. The records add a new type of habitat for B. taeniata, which was recorded in commercial plantations of Pinus radiata.

scholarly journals Florivory Modulates the Seed Number-Seed Weight Relationship inHalenia elliptica(Gentianaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linlin Wang ◽  
Lihua Meng ◽  
Jian Luo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Harsh Environments ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Resource Reallocation ◽  
Sawfly Larvae ◽  
Plant Reproductive Success ◽  
Weight Relationship ◽  
Halenia Elliptica ◽  
And Control

Generally, plant reproductive success might be affected negatively by florivory, and the effects may vary depending on the timing and intensity of florivory. To clarify the impacts of florivory by the sawfly larvae (Tenthredinidae) on seed production ofHalenia ellipticaD. Don, we simulated florivory by removing different proportion of flowers at three reproductive stages in this alpine herb and then examined the seed number per fruit, the seed weight, and the seed mass per fruit of the remaining flowers. Seed number per fruit reduced significantly when flowers were removed at flowering and fruiting stages or when 15% and 60% of flowers were removed. However, seed weight increased significantly after flowers were removed, independent of treatments of reproductive stage and proportion. There was a similar seed mass per fruit between the plants subjected to simulation of florivory and control. The results indicated that florivory modulated the seed number-seed weight relationship in this alpine species. Our study suggested that selective seed abortion and resource reallocation within fruits may ensure fewer but larger seeds, which were expected to be adaptive in the harsh environments.

scholarly journals Trade-off between seed number and weight: Influence of a grass–endophyte symbiosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.E. Gundel ◽  
L.A. Garibaldi ◽  
M.A. Martínez-Ghersa ◽  
C.M. Ghersa
Keyword(s):  
Seed Number ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Grass Endophyte

Seed mass and nutrient content in nutrient-starved tropical rainforest in Venezuela

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Grubb ◽  
David A. Coomes
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Poor Soil

AbstractMean seed dry mass values were determined for 27 species of trees and shrubs in Amazonian caatinga (a forest-type especially short of nitrogen) and for 11 species in adjacent much taller forest on less poor soil. The tall trees (> 15 m) of caatinga have smaller seeds than the tall trees in adjacent forest on less infertile soil (both overall and in six taxonomically controlled comparisons), and than the tall trees in lowland rainforests elsewhere. The smaller seed size is interpreted in terms of a major advantage of keeping up seed number outweighing the marginal advantages of larger seed size. For trees of caatinga and adjacent forest considered together, there is a significantly greater concentration of P and Mg, and almost significantly greater concentration of N, in the embryo-cum-endosperm fraction of smaller-seeded species, but the content per seed of N, P and Mg is smaller in smaller seeds. The mean contribution of the seed coat (including endocarp for pyrenes) was 17% for dry mass, 3% for content of P, 10% for N and Mg, 15% for K, and 30% for Ca.

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