scholarly journals Air quality and waste management analysis of used ayurvedic oil in an off-road twin cylinder tractor engine

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Balakumar Ranganathan ◽  
Sriram Gopalasamy ◽  
Arumugam Shanmugasundaram
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Tractor Engine

scholarly journals Waste-to-biomethane Concept Application: A Case Study of Valmiera City in Latvia

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiga Barisa ◽  
Ilze Dzene ◽  
Marika Rosa ◽  
Kristine Dobraja
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Fermentation Technology ◽  
Wet Fermentation

Abstract The current needs of sustainable urban development are rising. As the transport sector expands, emissions continue to rise. Due to their negative impact on human health and the environment, air quality requirements are becoming more and more stringent. At the same time, the amount of waste is increasing. Europe Union policies attempt to relieve the pressure that these two stressors place on urban systems as they themselves expand. Today different solutions are available to decrease greenhouse gas emissions, increase air quality and improve waste management systems. Among them, waste-to-biomethane for use in urban systems deserves more attention. The paper focuses on application of the concept of waste-to-biomethane and the case study of Valmiera is evaluated. The results show that the application of the waste-to-biomethane strategy can contribute to a complete substitution of diesel fuel in urban buses and gives savings of around 1,000 tCO2/year. The price of the biomethane was found to be the most sensitive input factor. It is suggested that it should not exceed 0.40 EUR/Nm3 for a fuel conversion project of a fleet of 10 vehicles. Such a price can be ensured, if dry fermentation technology is chosen for biogas production. However, from the sustainability perspective, wet fermentation is more preferable due to the introduction of a source-separated organic waste management system in the region and higher gas yields. Introduction of this alternative requires additional funds which is a question of policy-level decisions.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Air Quality within Facilities of Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) Sites in Lahore, Pakistan

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1604
Author(s):  
Syed Raza ◽  
Sana Hafeez ◽  
Zulfiqar Ali ◽  
Zaheer Nasir ◽  
Muhammad Moeen Butt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Wet Season

The pollutants emission during the process of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is of great concern due to its hazardous effect on the environment and living organisms. An assessment of the air quality of MSWM sites was made after having 16 repetitive visits at solid waste disposal sites and transfer stations of Lahore during wet and dry seasons. Pollution parameters such as fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and greenhouse gases (GHG) were measured along with meteorological parameters. PM2.5 measurement was made by using particle counter Dylos and TSI’s Dust Trak. Both of these instruments were positioned simultaneously at the source site and downwind (50 m). CH4 and meteorological parameters were measured by Aeroqual 500 series, while the Extech CO220 monitor was used to measure CO2 concentration. An assessment of air quality showed the levels of their mean values as CH4 and CO2 ranged between 1.5–13.7 ppm and 443.4–515.7 ppm, respectively. The PM2.5 ranged between 127.1 and 307.1 µg/m3 at sources and 172.3 and 403.8 µg/m3 downwind (50 m). GHG showed lower levels than the proposed limit value, which could not cause any health issues, while PM2.5 was 6–10 times higher than the Pak-EPA established standards. Higher pollutant concentration was recorded in the dry season than the wet season. Regression analysis was performed to predict correlation of PM2.5 with GHG and meteorological parameters. GHG as well as meteorological parameters also exhibited a correlation with PM2.5. It was estimated that the ambient air of such sites is not safe for public health. So, it is necessary to use safe practices for MSWM and its emission control to prevent nearby communities and the environment.

Energy Recovery From Municipal Solid Waste in California: Needs and Challenges

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander E. Helou ◽  
Kim Tran ◽  
Cecile Buncio
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Waste To Energy

Thermal technologies, such as gasification, pyrolysis, waste-to-energy (WTE), and advanced thermal recycling (second generation WTE with the most advanced air emission control system), can be employed to recover energy from municipal solid waste (MSW), reduce the volume of material to be landfilled, and lessen the potential emission of methane. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas and a major component of landfill gas. All operating WTE facilities in the United States have been subjected to strict environmental regulations since the passage of the Clean Air Act Amendments in 1990. As a result, U.S. WTE facilities now meet or exceed stringent local air quality standards, including those imposed by the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) in Southern California. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recognizes the important role of WTE in the integrated solid waste management and ranks combustion higher than landfilling in its solid waste management hierarchy. In addition to upstream source reduction and recycling, downstream thermal treatment of the residual MSW (conducted in controlled environment) can effectively recover energy and further reduce waste volume. Despite all the advantages and environmental benefits of thermal technologies, its utilization for treating MSW in California still faces many challenges. These include negative public perceptions, economical disadvantages, local marketability of by-products, and disposal options for residuals. This paper discusses the need to include energy recovery in the integrated MSW management in California and the challenges encountered by many local jurisdictions.

“Saucy Stink”: Smells, Sanitation, and Conflict in Early Modern London

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-86
Author(s):  
Alexandra Logue
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Urban Rivers ◽  
Kitchen Waste ◽  
Early Modern London ◽  
The City ◽  
Seasonal Weather

This article examines olfactory offenses in early modern London. It explores how inhabitants managed causes of malodorous air, focusing on common nuisances stemming from everyday household practices like laundry and waste management. Clotheslines were hung up between lodgings, households disposed of kitchen waste in gutters overflowing with garbage, and neighbours used stinking, communal privies. Seasonal weather intensified the city’s poor air quality, and rainwater washed refuse into urban rivers. In the early seventeenth century, the growing awareness of the effects of air quality on health coincided with significant demographic changes in the city. Insalubrious air was intrinsically linked to increased migration, overcrowded neighbourhoods, and the spread of diseases. The improvement of the city’s air quality became a more immediate concern for Londoners, civic authorities, and the early Stuart monarchs, who deployed a range of sanitation strategies. As London grew, so too did concern for its inhabitants and the dwellings they occupied.

SCR DeNOx Systems in Hitachi Zosen Inova’s European EfW Facilities

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Chromec
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Emission Limits ◽  
Nox Control ◽  
The Cost

Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) emissions of new Energy-from-Waste (EfW) facilities, especially in ozone non-attainment zones, are coming under increased scrutiny by permitting agencies in the US as new EfW projects are permitted. While the EPA national technology based limits for EfW plants under the New Source Performance Standards are still at 150 ppmdv at 7% O2, many permitting authorities are requiring substantially lower limits for new EfW plants in their states or air quality regions under EPA’s New Source Review/Prevention of Significant Deterioration air quality permitting program. This trend is directly related to the question, how the Lowest Achievable Emission Rate (LAER) and Best Available Control Technology (BACT) limits for NOx in EfW plants should be defined in ozone nonattainment and attainment areas respectively. Since lower NOx limits increase the cost of EfW as a sustainable waste management method, too stringent emission limits may have the adverse effect that more waste is landfilled due to the economic competition between these waste management methods which will actually lead to higher overall emissions and lower sustainability. Like other technology suppliers, Hitachi Zosen Inova (HZI, earlier AE&E Inova), a worldwide leader in EfW technology, has used various NOx control options. Apart from standard SNCR systems which can safely meet the EPA NSPS limits, there is DyNOR™, the advanced SNCR-based technology which can safely reach values below 100 ppmdv at 7% O2, and the SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) technology, which can reach values down to far below 50 ppmdv at 7% O2. However, once a certain emission limit is determined, the question is how this limit can be safely and continuously achieved with the lowest possible cost per ton of waste treated.

scholarly journals Impact of the implementation of EU, national and local policies and legislation on the transition towards eco-cities in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (53) ◽  
pp. 105-130
Author(s):  
Dagmara Kociuba ◽  
Klaudia Wajs
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Air Quality Improvement ◽  
Policy Measures

Abstract Transforming cities towards eco-cities constitutes a significant effort in mitigating and adapting to climate change. The implementation of legal acts and diverse environmentally oriented sectoral policies plays an important role in that process. The objective of this paper is to determine the antecedences and effects of the transformation of cities in accordance with the eco-city concept in Poland in the context of implemented policies, legislation and initiatives. The study reviews the normative acts and programme-strategic documents that provide the framework for the shift towards eco-city at the international and EU level, as well as identifying changes in legislation and policy initiatives resulting from their implementation at national and local level. A set of 24 original indices referring to six aspects of the eco-city (waste management, water and wastewater management, transport and urban mobility, application of RES in energy engineering, air quality, and urban green areas) were applied in multi-criterion analyses in selected case studies. This permitted us to identify the key factors that power the transition towards eco-city. The legal and policy measures are implemented in a top-down approach. Actions are usually initiated at national level and implemented by local authorities, who operate according to their assigned tasks and using dedicated tools (e.g. LEPs, SUMPs). Significant effect of the implementation of eco-city solutions were identified in waste management, sustainable transport, urban mobility, and air quality improvement. Recommendations for future measures include implementing plans and demonstrative projects of eco-cities or eco-districts, conducting complex pro-ecological measures, and increasing the role of bottom-up actions.

IoT for Waste Management

2019 ◽  
pp. 265-278
Author(s):  
Jaganthan Thirumal ◽  
Usha Kingsly Devi ◽  
Dynisha S.
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Software Analysis ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
And Performance

Smart cities incorporate information and communication technology to enhance the quality and performance of urban services. The element of smart cities includes physical infrastructure and IoT technology, which gives a framework, methodology, technology, and management solution and efficient waste handling and reduction with the assistance of software analysis tools. It provides effective environmental resource flow integration. IoT system provides a digital access to waste management. This system uses online smart monitor sensors that monitor the performance of water supply and effluent handling system utilizing a cloud-based platform. This enhances real-time planned performance and increases life-cycle equipment. This technique enhances the synergistic use of resources due to climate mitigation and adaptation for sustainable growth and this technology also uses air quality sensors across the city to collect open data platform for monitoring and reducing primary and secondary pollutants and systematically instruct the pollutant-causing sources to maintain ambient air quality.

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