scholarly journals Impact of the implementation of EU, national and local policies and legislation on the transition towards eco-cities in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (53) ◽  
pp. 105-130
Author(s):  
Dagmara Kociuba ◽  
Klaudia Wajs
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Air Quality Improvement ◽  
Policy Measures

Abstract Transforming cities towards eco-cities constitutes a significant effort in mitigating and adapting to climate change. The implementation of legal acts and diverse environmentally oriented sectoral policies plays an important role in that process. The objective of this paper is to determine the antecedences and effects of the transformation of cities in accordance with the eco-city concept in Poland in the context of implemented policies, legislation and initiatives. The study reviews the normative acts and programme-strategic documents that provide the framework for the shift towards eco-city at the international and EU level, as well as identifying changes in legislation and policy initiatives resulting from their implementation at national and local level. A set of 24 original indices referring to six aspects of the eco-city (waste management, water and wastewater management, transport and urban mobility, application of RES in energy engineering, air quality, and urban green areas) were applied in multi-criterion analyses in selected case studies. This permitted us to identify the key factors that power the transition towards eco-city. The legal and policy measures are implemented in a top-down approach. Actions are usually initiated at national level and implemented by local authorities, who operate according to their assigned tasks and using dedicated tools (e.g. LEPs, SUMPs). Significant effect of the implementation of eco-city solutions were identified in waste management, sustainable transport, urban mobility, and air quality improvement. Recommendations for future measures include implementing plans and demonstrative projects of eco-cities or eco-districts, conducting complex pro-ecological measures, and increasing the role of bottom-up actions.

Nationale onderwijsleerplannen, met name voor de moderne vreemde talen

1977 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 97-108
Author(s):  
J.H.G.I. Giesbers
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Curriculum Planning ◽  
Integral Approach ◽  
Cooperative Relationships ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Centralization And Decentralization ◽  
National Framework ◽  
And Training

This paper consist of four parts. 1. National teaching -learning curricula. Concepts such as teaching -learning curriculum, planning-document (e.g. "schoolworkplan") and its functions are elaborated. Reasons are„given for the absence of a systematic and integral approach to the development of national teaching - learning curricula. 2. National teaching - learning curricula between the poles of centralization and decentralization. Centralizing and decentralizing tendencies should be considered complementary rather than polar. An antithetic either - or approach is rejected and prplaced by an.antinomic and-and view. This paper advocates a close and well-balanced cooperation between the national level (the creation of a national framework) and the local level (the concrete operationalization of that framework). 3. Consequences for teachers. This part discusses three functions of curricula, the connections between curriculum - knowledge - power, the role of teachers in the cooperative relationships mentioned under 2. In this context the inservice education and training of teachers should have a high priority. 4. Aanzet voor de ontwikkeling van een onderwijsleerplan moderne vreemde talen. This memorandum by van Ek en Groot is summarized and commented upon.

scholarly journals Integration Practices in Migration Management: Experience of Some European Union Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-99
Author(s):  
Olga A. Persidskaya
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Host Community ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Integration Policies

The paper considers institutional mechanisms and substantive approaches to managing the processes of migrant integration into the host community. The analysis is carried out in the framework of studying practical models for regulating the transformation of polyethnic communities and uses data from several countries in the European Union. It is shown that the models of practical regulation of integration processes are based on the understanding of integration as a two-way process and are primarily expressed in changes in social institutions and relations between them. Thus, at the supranational level a combination of directive and recommendatory forms of influence on integration policies is significant, at the national level – the principles of individual and inclusive approaches within the framework of the introduction of a set of regulatory policies of the “mainstream”, at the local level – integration initiatives of the municipal level and interaction with the non-governmental sector. Of special note is the significant role of monitoring integration processes and integration policies. It has been noted that integration practices in Russia are based on understanding integration as a one-sided process and contribute to the realization of its cultural function, while in the EU countries – to its structural and social functions. The paper offers the conclusion about the possibility of applying some of the considered mechanisms and approaches in strategies for managing and regulating migration processes in the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Does Environmental Inspection Led by the Central Government Improve the Air Quality in China? The Moderating Role of Public Engagement

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Xu ◽  
Meng Tian ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Guohu Xu
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Public Engagement ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Heating Period ◽  
Air Quality Improvement ◽  
The Impact

The severe air pollution in China has imperiled public health and resulted in substantial economic loss. To tackle the unprecedented pollution challenges, China has launched a campaign-based environmental inspection over all regions to impel local governments’ actual pollution abatement. At the same time, with the public’s awakening awareness about environmental protection, the public has also played a particularly vital role in this inspection. Under this circumstance, the study tries to reveal the impact of Environmental Inspection led by the Central Government (EICG) on air quality improvement, and to examine the role of public engagement in their relationship. Specifically, utilizing daily data covering 249 prefecture-level cities in China from 1 June 2015 to 31 May 2018, this study employed multiple regression models and then found that due to the implementation of EICG, the concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NO2 decline by 2.642 μg/m3, 6.088 μg/m3, 1.357 μg/m3 and 1.443 μg/m3, respectively, and the air quality index decreases by 2.4 in total, which implies that EICG can improve the air quality to a great extent. However, the coefficients for major variables change from negative to positive, suggesting that an attenuation effect of EICG on air quality improvement exists in Chinese institutional background. Meanwhile, public engagement is shown to enhance the positive association between EICG and air quality improvement. Additionally, further analysis demonstrates that EICG promotes the improvement in air quality up to three months after the inspection in cities during the heating period, while the positive effect has existed during one month before the inspection in cities during the non-heating period. Additionally, in contrast to the instant effect in cities not specially monitored, there is a lagged effect of EICG in controlling the air pollution in cities specially monitored.

Addressing National Concerns through Supervision: The Role of the Rehabilitation Agency Supervisor

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared C. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Program Evaluation ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Continuous Learning ◽  
Professional Issues ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Rehabilitation Agency ◽  
And Training

The field of Rehabilitation is faced with a number of critical issues at the national level. The rehabilitation agency supervisor is in a unique position to address these issues at the local level. This article examines the unique, complex, and challenging role that the supervisor has in addressing issues of recruitment and retention of qualified personnel, working within outcomes based framework of evaluation, and facilitating continuous learning and training within the rehabilitation agency. Specifically, supervisors benefit from an understanding of the developmental nature of the professional, issues surrounding professionalization and licensure, program evaluation, and professional centered training. The purpose of this article is to discuss these issues in more detail, and provide supervisors with ideas of how they can have an impact on national concerns at the practitioner level.

scholarly journals The Role of Accountability Arrangements in Social Innovations: Evidence from the UK and Slovakia

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juraj Nemec ◽  
Marta Orviska ◽  
Colin Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Social Innovation ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Innovations ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Available Information

AbstractOur research focuses on selected accountability mechanisms in the two countries. In Slovakia these are the Supreme Audit Office (SAO) and the Ombudsman. In the UK, at the national level we chose the Committee of Public Accounts (PAC), the National Audit Office (NAO) and the Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman (PHSO) and on the local level the relatively recently introduced local government system of Scrutiny and Overview.The goal of our article is to assess the potential contribution of these accountability arrangements to the anchoring of social innovation in the public sector. The theory anticipates that accountability institutions such as the SAO and Ombudsman may create feedback loops supporting public innovations. We undertook detailed checks on the concrete situation in the Slovak Republic and in the UK. On the basis of the comprehensive set of data reviewed, including reports, interviews and more generally available information, we can confidently conclude that while in Slovakia such a feedback loop barely functions, in the UK it does function on a limited but still significant scale. In the last part we provide selected arguments why the Slovak situation is less positive.

The role of a peri-urban forest on air quality improvement in the Mexico City megalopolis

2012 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 174-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darrel Baumgardner ◽  
Sebastian Varela ◽  
Francisco J. Escobedo ◽  
Alicia Chacalo ◽  
Carlos Ochoa
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Air Quality Improvement

Revisiting the Trimodal Agrarian Structure as a Social Differentiation Analysis Framework in Zimbabwe: A Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 227797602097383
Author(s):  
Freedom Mazwi ◽  
Rangarirai G. Muchetu ◽  
George T. Mudimu
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Social Differentiation ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Crop Type ◽  
Agroecological Zones ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Analytical Frameworks ◽  
Agrarian Structure

The study of social differentiation in the countryside is often dominated by the deployment of classical analytical frameworks. This article quantitatively explores social differentiation at the sub-national level (Chiredzi and Zvimba districts in Zimbabwe), through the use of the trimodal agrarian structure (TMAS) framework. It addresses the question of whether variables outlined in TMAS (land sizes, labor, and credit) stimulate social differentiation patterns across various settlement models, which emerged after Zimbabwe’s land reform program. If so, what groups or clusters emerge and what are the differentials at the local level? Through statistical factor and cluster analysis, this article reveals that the TMAS variables do explain social differentiation even at the sub-national level. Land sizes, access to capital, and ownership of cattle are key factors in explaining this differentiation. Beyond the variables presented by the TMAS, we argue that agroecological zones and crop type are also instrumental in shaping social differentiation. From the evidence presented, it is difficult to visualize inter-cluster mobility because of various reasons, which include state-based tenure.

scholarly journals Multi-level Governance of Integration Policy. Role of the Cities. Comparison of Warsaw and Prague

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-41
Author(s):  
Patrycja Matusz ◽  
Mikołaj Pawlak
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
Multilevel Governance ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Multi Level

This paper analyses the role of the cities in the multi-level governance of integration policy. The goal was to analyse the relations of diverse actors in a multi-level governance context and the direct impact of the transnational EU policy to local level actors (that also bypassed the national level). We show how the interconnection of policy levels and the presence of actors in many roles in the process of developing immigrant integration policies resulted in the top-down transfer of policy goals. We also highlight the converse perspective and demonstrate how bottom-up policy initiatives strengthen the position of cities as important players in the multilevel governance, both individually and collectively.

Nuovi mercati della valutazione: misurare l'impatto di uno sforzo addizionale territoriale in ricerca e innovazione

2009 ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
Alberto Silvani ◽  
Filippo Bonella ◽  
Lucia Cella ◽  
Alessandro Rotilio
Keyword(s):  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
National Level ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
To Come ◽  
Research And Innovation Policy

- Research and innovation policies have been increasingly ascribed to regions as a consequence of devolving power and resources from the national level to the local level. Local administrators have been empowered with new and challenging responsibilities but often lack the necessary instruments and knowledge to adequately evaluate the undertaken initiatives and to operate consistently with the European and national dimensions. In this respect impact assessment brings in a new metrics that is neither exclusively related to the scientific and/or economic value of the innovation results nor to a support function to other policies. Experts and/or ad hoc organisations are often appointed by local administrations with the task of describing the dimensions of such impact - qualifying (and quantifying) its descriptive parameters and identifying interested parties. So far this approach has not produced robust results as for the causality links generated, the additionality issue and the role of the local dimension, while the available tool-box is quite poor. This paper is intended to illustrate the results of a pilot experience carried out in the last few years in Trentino. The analysis takes into account the relations among policy makers, available tools, resources, and the role of the public administration and of professional evaluators. Conceptual and interpretative approaches and tools need further development, but the mayor weakness seems to come from the relationship between customer and evaluators. A new market based on new rules, professional roles and shared behaviours is needed in order to address a correct evaluation pathway and to analyse policies and activities within a common frame.Key words: impact analysis, regional development, research and innovation policy, policy EvaluationParole chiave: analisi d'impatto, sviluppo regionale, politica della ricerca e dell'innovazione, valutazione delle politiche

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