Destiny of airway disease: interplay between epithelial barrier and the innate immune system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Yüksel ◽  
Seda Tunca
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Epithelial Barrier

scholarly journals Perinatal Environment Shapes Microbiota Colonization And Infant Growth: Impact On Host Response And Intestinal Function

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Carmen Collado ◽  
Marta Selma-Royo ◽  
Marta Calatayud ◽  
Izaskun García-Mantrana ◽  
Anna Parra-Llorca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Function ◽  
Intestinal Maturation

Abstract Background: Early microbial colonization triggers processes that result in intestinal maturation and immune priming. Perinatal factors, especially those associated with birth, including both mode and place of delivery are critical to shaping the infant gut microbiota with potential health consequences. Methods: Gut microbiota profile of 180 healthy infants (n=23 born at home and n=157 born in hospital, 41.7% via caesarean section [CS]) was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing at birth, seven days and one month of life. Breastfeeding habits, infant clinical data, including length, weight and antibiotic exposure, were collected up to 18 months of life. Long-term personalized in vitro models of the intestinal epithelium and innate immune system were used to assess the link between gut microbiota composition, intestinal function and immune response. Results: Microbiota profiles were shaped by the place and mode of delivery, and they had a distinct biological impact on the immune response and intestinal function in epithelial/immune cell models. Bacteroidetes and Bifidobacterium genus were decreased in C-section infants, who showed higher z-scores BMI and W/L during the first 18 months of life. Intestinal simulated epithelium had a stronger epithelial barrier function and intestinal maturation, alongside a higher immunological response (TLR4 route activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release), when exposed to home-birth fecal supernatants, compared with CS. Distinct host response could be associated with different microbiota profiles. Conclusions: Mode and place of birth influence the neonatal gut microbiota, likely shaping its interplay with the host through the maturation of the intestinal epithelium, regulation of the intestinal epithelial barrier and control of the innate immune system during early life, which can affect the phenotypic responses linked to metabolic processes in infants.

scholarly journals Perinatal environment shapes microbiota colonization and infant growth: impact on host response and intestinal function

Microbiome ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Selma-Royo ◽  
M. Calatayud Arroyo ◽  
I. García-Mantrana ◽  
A. Parra-Llorca ◽  
R. Escuriet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Function ◽  
Intestinal Maturation

Abstract Background Early microbial colonization triggers processes that result in intestinal maturation and immune priming. Perinatal factors, especially those associated with birth, including both mode and place of delivery are critical to shaping the infant gut microbiota with potential health consequences. Methods Gut microbiota profile of 180 healthy infants (n = 23 born at home and n = 157 born in hospital, 41.7% via cesarean section [CS]) was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing at birth, 7 days, and 1 month of life. Breastfeeding habits and infant clinical data, including length, weight, and antibiotic exposure, were collected up to 18 months of life. Long-term personalized in vitro models of the intestinal epithelium and innate immune system were used to assess the link between gut microbiota composition, intestinal function, and immune response. Results Microbiota profiles were shaped by the place and mode of delivery, and they had a distinct biological impact on the immune response and intestinal function in epithelial/immune cell models. Bacteroidetes and Bifidobacterium genus were decreased in C-section infants, who showed higher z-scores BMI and W/L during the first 18 months of life. Intestinal simulated epithelium had a stronger epithelial barrier function and intestinal maturation, alongside a higher immunological response (TLR4 route activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release), when exposed to home-birth fecal supernatants, compared with CS. Distinct host response could be associated with different microbiota profiles. Conclusions Mode and place of birth influence the neonatal gut microbiota, likely shaping its interplay with the host through the maturation of the intestinal epithelium, regulation of the intestinal epithelial barrier, and control of the innate immune system during early life, which can affect the phenotypic responses linked to metabolic processes in infants. Trial registration NCT03552939.

scholarly journals Perinatal Environment Shapes Microbiota Colonization And Infant Growth: Impact On Host Response And Intestinal Function

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Selma-Royo ◽  
Marta Calatayud ◽  
Izaskun García-Mantrana ◽  
Anna Parra-Llorca ◽  
Ramón Escuriet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Function ◽  
Intestinal Maturation

Abstract Background Early microbial colonization triggers processes that result in intestinal maturation and immune priming. Perinatal factors, especially those associated with birth, including both mode and place of delivery are critical to shaping the infant gut microbiota with potential health consequences. Methods Gut microbiota profile of 180 healthy infants (n=23 born at home and n=157 born in hospital, 41.7% via caesarean section [CS]) was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing at birth, seven days and one month of life. Breastfeeding habits, infant clinical data, including length, weight and antibiotic exposure, were collected up to 18 months of life. Long-term personalized in vitro models of the intestinal epithelium and innate immune system were used to assess the link between gut microbiota composition, intestinal function and immune response. Results Microbiota profiles were shaped by the place and mode of delivery, and they had a distinct biological impact on the immune response and intestinal function in epithelial/immune cell models. Bacteroidetes and Bifidobacterium genus were decreased in C-section infants, who showed higher z-scores BMI and W/L during the first 18 months of life. Intestinal simulated epithelium had a stronger epithelial barrier function and intestinal maturation, alongside a higher immunological response (TLR4 route activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release), when exposed to home-birth fecal supernatants, compared with CS. Distinct host response could be associated with different microbiota profiles. Conclusions Mode and place of birth influence the neonatal gut microbiota, likely shaping its interplay with the host through the maturation of the intestinal epithelium, regulation of the intestinal epithelial barrier and control of the innate immune system during early life, which can affect the phenotypic responses linked to metabolic processes in infants.

scholarly journals Natural Killer Cells Determine Development of Allergen-induced Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation in Mice

1999 ◽  
Vol 189 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Korsgren ◽  
Carl G.A. Persson ◽  
Frank Sundler ◽  
Torbjörn Bjerke ◽  
Tony Hansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Nkt Cells ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Tissue Eosinophilia

The earliest contact between antigen and the innate immune system is thought to direct the subsequent antigen-specific T cell response. We hypothesized that cells of the innate immune system, such as natural killer (NK) cells, NK1.1+ T cells (NKT cells), and γ/δ T cells, may regulate the development of allergic airway disease. We demonstrate here that depletion of NK1.1+ cells (NK cells and NKT cells) before immunization inhibits pulmonary eosinophil and CD3+ T cell infiltration as well as increased levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-12 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in a murine model of allergic asthma. Moreover, systemic allergen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG2a levels and the number of IL-4 and interferon γ–producing splenic cells were diminished in mice depleted of NK1.1+ cells before the priming regime. Depletion of NK1.1+ cells during the challenge period only did not influence pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation. CD1d1 mutant mice, deficient in NKT cells but with normal NK cells, developed lung tissue eosinophilia and allergen-specific IgE levels not different from those observed in wild-type mice. Mice deficient in γ/δ T cells showed a mild attenuation of lung tissue eosinophilia in this model. Taken together, these findings suggest a critical role of NK cells, but not of NKT cells, for the development of allergen-induced airway inflammation, and that this effect of NK cells is exerted during the immunization. If translatable to humans, these data suggest that NK cells may be critically important for deciding whether allergic eosinophilic airway disease will develop. These observations are also compatible with a pathogenic role for the increased NK cell activity observed in human asthma.

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