The Impact of Service Referral and Engagement on Juvenile Recidivism

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-300
Author(s):  
Joanna Kubik ◽  
Paul Boxer
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Recidivism ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Service Referral

Are They Buying or Selling Again? Estimating the Impact of Neighborhood-Level Contagion on Types of Juvenile Drug Recidivism

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 1455-1480
Author(s):  
Brian Lockwood ◽  
Philip W. Harris ◽  
Heidi E. Grunwald
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Community Context ◽  
Family Court ◽  
Juvenile Recidivism ◽  
Drug Offenders ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Drug Sales ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Neighborhood Level

We examine how the densities of adult and juvenile drug offenders within neighborhoods might be linked to the odds of juvenile recidivism due to drug sales and drug possession. To do so, we analyze a dataset of 5,528 juvenile offenders adjudicated in Philadelphia’s Family Court between 1996 and 2004 using multilevel models to estimate the effects of both individual- and neighborhood-level indicators on the odds of recidivism. The results indicate that community context is significantly related to the odds of juvenile recidivism due to drug sales, but not due to drug possession. Neighborhood levels of adult and juvenile drug offender densities are also shown to moderate the links between individual-level characteristics and the odds of juvenile drug sales recidivism.

The Interrelationship Between Empathy and Adverse Childhood Experiences and Their Impact on Juvenile Recidivism

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-67
Author(s):  
Chelsey Narvey ◽  
Jennifer Yang ◽  
Kevin T. Wolff ◽  
Michael Baglivio ◽  
Alex R. Piquero
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Juvenile Recidivism ◽  
Residential Placement ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Traumatic Exposure ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
The Impact

Low empathy has been implicated in antisocial, aggressive, and criminal behavior, especially among adolescents. Less understood is the extent to which empathy is amenable to treatment, and whether an improvement in empathy can mitigate the deleterious effects of known risk factors, such as childhood maltreatment. A sample of 11,000 serious juvenile offenders in long-term residential placement is leveraged to examine whether over cumulative traumatic exposure, measured by the adverse childhood experience (ACE) score, is associated with the initial level of empathy at admission to a residential program, and whether changes in empathy during treatment moderate the impact of ACEs on juvenile recidivism. Results show youth with higher ACE scores have less empathy at admission and both ACEs and empathy predict recidivism. Most importantly, large gains in empathy are able to dampen the effect of ACEs on recidivism.

The impact of outcome, competency and affect on service referral

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 397-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeline Johnson ◽  
George M. Zinkhan ◽  
Gail S. Ayala
Keyword(s):  
The Impact ◽  
Service Referral

Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
K. P. Stanyukovich ◽  
V. A. Bronshten
Keyword(s):  
Explosive Charge ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Meteorite Impacts ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Lunar Craters ◽  
The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

Asteroid and Comet Impact Speeds upon Mars: Significance for Panspermia and the Supply of Organics

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Steel
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhilst lithopanspermia depends upon massive impacts occurring at a speed above some limit, the intact delivery of organic chemicals or other volatiles to a planet requires the impact speed to be below some other limit such that a significant fraction of that material escapes destruction. Thus the two opposite ends of the impact speed distributions are the regions of interest in the bioastronomical context, whereas much modelling work on impacts delivers, or makes use of, only the mean speed. Here the probability distributions of impact speeds upon Mars are calculated for (i) the orbital distribution of known asteroids; and (ii) the expected distribution of near-parabolic cometary orbits. It is found that cometary impacts are far more likely to eject rocks from Mars (over 99 percent of the cometary impacts are at speeds above 20 km/sec, but at most 5 percent of the asteroidal impacts); paradoxically, the objects impacting at speeds low enough to make organic/volatile survival possible (the asteroids) are those which are depleted in such species.

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